História do cuidado à mulher na Maternidade Carmela Dutra, Florianópolis-SC, Brasil (1956-2001)

Abstract

This study examines the practices of care developed by nurses to women at Maternity Carmela Dutra, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina state, Brazil, in the period 1956 to 2001. It is a qualitative research with socio-historical approach. Nine nurses were interviewed using the technique of thematic oral history. The data were categorized using thematic content analysis and based on the foulcaultian theoretical framework. Four categories emerged: Context of Motherhood; care practices to women on admission; care practices to women on childbirth and care practices to women on puerperium. It was concluded that the care provided to women at the Maternity has been exercised by religious and midwives, nurses and lay nurse midwives, a path that goes from laic to professional care, intercalated with knowledge-power relationships marked by struggles and resistances to doctor's hegemony of that time.

Cuidado de si e relações de poder: enfermeira cuidando de outras mulheres

“…The technologies of the I are a privileged subjectification field and of this being-with-the-self domain; they consist of a certain number of operations made by individuals regarding their body and soul, thoughts, conduct or any way of transforming oneself, in search of a certain state of happiness, immortality (37)(38)(39) . Some factors involving the care of the self of nurses were mentioned in the studies (14)(15)17,(19)(20)22,24,28,30,34 ): historical constitution of nursing; need for self-reflection; nurse's social position as a woman and health professional, and resistance movements of nurses. The historical constitution of nurses assumes that corporeity, i.e., the body in the world, is formed by historical influence (19) .…”

“…Under the patriarchy logic, oppression is a reality for women; for the nurses, it is the norm in which they are raised as women and developed as nurses (15) . Thus, history shows that the training to which nurses were subjected aimed not only to the development of skills, but to make them useful for the institution, through the manipulation of their elements, gestures, and behaviors (28) . In the sense of control over the bodies of nurses, a strategy that supports the prescription and imposition of conducts for them regarding their own body and life is the discourse of vicarious experience.…”

“…Historically, nurses exercised and suffered the action of power, especially the movement of struggle and resistance to the institutionalized power-knowing. Escape strategies of nurses aiming at improving the quality of care toward women are highlighted, being based on critical discourse of scientific nature (28) . In this sense, the experience, on the part of nursing, of a transitional period, on the way to another paradigm that questions the various forms of privilege and oppression, is aspired and indicated (23,34) .…”

Fathers' Perceptions About Their Experiences as Birth Companions

“…3 Com o avanço das tecnologias em saúde e nos progressos nas diversas áreas de conhecimento, esse processo passou a ser dominado pela Medicina e vivido dentro do hospital, afastando a mulher de seus familiares e deixando-a sozinha nesse importante momento. 4 O movimento de humanização do parto e nascimento, deflagrado pela rede feminista a partir dos idos de 1970, encampado a partir da década de 90 por profissionais de saúde, instâncias não governamentais ligadas à mulher, entre elas, a Rede de Humanização de Parto e Nascimento (REHUNA) e Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS), impulsionaram a implementação de programas, acordos e políticas públicas no Brasil. 5 Tais políticas, como o Programa de Humanização de Pré-natal e Nascimento (PHPN), a Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança, a Política Nacional de Humanização da Atenção e Gestão em Saúde no SUS -Humaniza SUS, o Pacto pela Redução da Mortalidade Materna e Neonatal e, recentemente, a Rede Cegonha estimulam a participação de um acompanhante, podendo este ser o pai, se for da escolha da parturiente.…”