Eugenia!: in hoc signo vinces - um aspecto do discurso sanitário da enfermagem, 1932 a 1938

Abstract

RESUMO: Discute-se a vinculação do movimento eugenista às políticas e práticas de saúde desenvolvidas no Brasil, nas primeiras décadas do século XX; e as concepções das enfermeiras acerca do eugenismo e do seu papel social no "aperfeiçoamento da raça", veiculadas através dos Anais de Enfermagem editados no período de 1932 a 1938. Observou-se haver uma estreita vinculação entre os discursos das enfermeiras e o dos "intelectuais do movimento eugênico", presente na concepção de que a ciência eugênica desempenhava um papel fundamental para o progresso do Brasil, condena do ao atraso se os "males sociais" não fossem higienizados; na adjetivação precon ceituosa e carregada de moralismo, utilizada pelos dois grupos ao se referirem aos "causadores da degenerescência da raça", enfim no entendimento de classe pobre como classe perigosa.ABSTRACT: The author discusses the linkage between eugenist movement and health politics and practices carried out in Brazil, on the first decades of the 20 th century;and nurses conceptions about eugenics and their social role to "race improvement", propagated

Brazilian nurses’ sociodemographic changes in the first decade of the 21st century

“…In Brazil, the history of the professional identity of nurses began to be told in the early twentieth century, more precisely in the 1920s, with the performance of US sanitarian nurses [23][24] . At that time, the legitimacy of women's participation in the labor market was strongly linked to eugenic ideals motivated by the "cleanliness and hygiene" not only of environments, but also of patients, mostly black and poor 24 .…”

“…In Brazil, the history of the professional identity of nurses began to be told in the early twentieth century, more precisely in the 1920s, with the performance of US sanitarian nurses [23][24] . At that time, the legitimacy of women's participation in the labor market was strongly linked to eugenic ideals motivated by the "cleanliness and hygiene" not only of environments, but also of patients, mostly black and poor 24 . Nursing as a profession of religious, wealthy and white women was the model idealized Nurses in the Brazilian censuses Marinho GL, Paz EPA, Jomar RT, Abreu ÂMM throughout the American continent, receiving a strong influence from institutionalized racism in the United States 11,23 .…”

Mary Seacole e Maria Soldado: enfermeiras negras que fizeram história

“…Maria Soldado viveu num contexto histó-rico onde os cientistas propagavam a ideia da eugenia, um movimento de caráter intelectual e racista que, desde a campanha abolicionista, defendia o ideal do embranquecimento do povo brasileiro (Garcia, 1993).…”