Sheepskin effects and the relationship between earnings and education: analyzing their evolution over time in Brazil

Abstract

Este artigo procura analisar tendências no efeito-diploma e na relação entre rendimentos e educação no mercado de trabalho brasileiro durante o período de 1982 até 2004. Usando dados da PNAD (Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios) são estimadas equações de rendimentos usando, além de um termo linear para os anos de escolaridade, mudanças de inclinação e saltos para graus completos do ciclo educacional. Também são estimadas regressões semi-paramétricas, que flexibilizam a relação entre rendimentos e educação. As evidências empíricas mostram uma redução do efeito-diploma entre 1982 e 2004, indicando que a conclusão de um grau ou a obtenção de um diploma vem perdendo valor ao longo do tempo. Ao mesmo tempo, a relação entre o logaritmo dos rendimentos e os anos de escolaridade tem se tornado mais convexa.

On the Size of Sheepskin Effects: A Meta-Analysis

“…2 Of course, it is possible that there are other reasons. For example, "the higher supply of more educated workers in the labor force reducing the importance of higher degrees as a signal of more productive workers" (Crespo and Reis, 2009). 3 The total effect over the 25 years since the first publication of the sheepskin equation is around −5% (= −0.2% × 25).…”

“…Other results for U.S are Trostel and Walker (2004), Card (1994), Heywood (1991, 1997), Jaeger and Page (1996) and Park (1999). Crespo and Reis (2009) discuss the sheepskin effects for Brazil and include regional differences, gender and race. While Ferrer and Riddell (2002) find significant sheepskin effects for Canada Gibson (2000) do not find sheepskin effects in New Zealand.…”

Interpreting the Sustainable Development of Human Capital and the Sheepskin Effects in Returns to Higher Education: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan

“…The simplified punctuated spline function allows the stipulation of the altered rate of return to contrasting years of schooling and dissimilar returns to diploma years. These three studies [15,16,20] are primarily applicable to our research.…”

The Rationale for Higher Education Investment in Ibero-America

“…the sheepskin effect (Hungerford & Solon, 1987;Mora, 2003;Mora & Muro, 2008;Crespo & Reis, 2009), referring to the material on which the final course grade was originally recorded. That is, graduates with a credential obtain a greater return than those with incomplete tertiary education studies.…”