Investimentos em infra-estrutura e produtividade total dos fatores na agricultura brasileira: 1985-2004

Abstract

Investimentos em infra-estrutura no Brasil reduziram-se significativamente desde a década de 1980, possivelmente comprometendo a Produtividade Total dos Fatores (PTF) e a competitividade da agropecuária. Uma adaptação do modelo de Zhang and Fan (2004) para a Índia, utilizando-se o Método Generalizado de Momentos, foi aplicada para verificar os efeitos dos investimentos em infra-estrutura na PTF. Estimou-se que esses investimentos afetam a PTF logo nos primeiros anos, com retorno ocorrendo de 0 a 2 anos. Dos elementos de infra-estrutura analisados, investimentos em rodovia tiveram o maior impacto na PTF, seguidos por investimento em pesquisa, telecomunicações, irrigação e energia elétrica.<br>Infrastructure investments in Brazil were reduced significantly since the decade of 1980, possibly compromising Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and agricultural competitivity. In this paper, Solow's growth model with panel data is used to estimate TFP. An adaptation of the model of Zhang and Fan (2004) for India, using the Generalized Method of Moments, was applied to find effect of infrastructure investments on TFP. Estimations suggest that these investments affect agriculture TFP in the first years and its return occurs in the period of 0 to 2 years. Road investments have the highest impact on TFP, followed by investments on research, telecommunications, irrigation, and electric energy

Rural extension and technical efficiency in the Brazilian agricultural sector

“…Delgado (1985) and Nunes et al (2014) highlight the fundamental role of three agricultural policies in this period: (1) agricultural research initiatives that developed new production technologies; (2) subsidized rural credit, which created opportunities for these technologies to be acquired by producers; and (3) rural extension services, which were responsible for the process of diffusion of new technologies and information to rural producers -this was extremely important for the adoption of these innovations in the production process. Although several papers have evaluated the effects of credit (Castro and Teixeira, 2012;Gasques et al, 2017;Neves et al, 2020) and agricultural research (Barreto and Almeida, 2009;Mendes et al, 2009;Rada and Valdes, 2012) on Brazilian agricultural performance, little has been done to assess the returns of extension services. 1 In this article, we test whether rural extension plays a significant role in improving farmers' productive performance, as measured by technical efficiency.…”

Brazil's Agricultural Total Factor Productivity Growth by Farm Size

“…Gasques (2014) and ERS (2014) show Brazil's 2002-2011 average annual agricultural TFP growth rate has accelerated beyond the previous decade's rate. Evaluations of Brazil's long-term agricultural TFP growth have often centered on: (i) public investments in such areas as agricultural research (Rada and Valdes, 2013;Avila and Evenson, 1995) and transportation infrastructure (Mendes, et al, 2009);…”

A relação inversa entre o tamanho das propriedades agrícolas e a produtividade no Brasil: uma análise não paramétrica usando regressões kernel

“…No Brasil, a quantidade de estudos que buscaram analisar os determinantes da evolução da produtividade agrícola no país ou em regiões específicas é extensa (Vicente et al, 2000;Mendes et al, 2009;Bragagnolo et al, 2010;Magalhães et al, 2011;Ávila et al, 2013;Felema et al, 2013;Gasques et al, 2012;Rada & Buccola, 2012;Rada & Valdes, 2012;Gasques et al, 2014;Bragagnolo & Barros, 2015;Carrer & Souza Filho, 2016;Soares & Spolador, 2019). No entanto, estes mesmos autores não correlacionam seus achados com a literatura da hipótese da relação inversa, sendo o tema ainda pouco explorado no país.…”