O tecido adiposo como órgão endócrino: da teoria à prática

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the advances in research into the physiological role of white adipose tissue, with emphasis on its endocrinal role in inflammatory processes, feeding behavior, insulin sensitization and modulation of the atherogenetic process. To deal with the potential role of adipose tissue as a source of stem cells for regeneration of tissues, with special emphasis on adipogenesis and its consequences for development of obesity.Sources: Important information was compiled from the scientific literature in order that this analysis contains an explanatory synthesis of the aspects mentioned above. Summary of the findingsIn addition to its classical functions as primary metabolic energy store, meeting energy requirements during periods of deprivation by means of lypolisis, adipose tissue also has the capacity to synthesize and secrete a variety of hormones -the adipokines. These are active in a range of processes, such as control of nutritional intake (leptin) and control of sensitivity to insulin and inflammatory processes (TNF-α, IL-6, resistin, visfatin, adiponectin). Furthermore, since adipose tissue also contains undifferentiated cells, it has the ability to generate new adipocytes, regenerating its own tissue (adipogenesis), and also the ability to give rise to other cells (myoblasts, chondroblasts, osteoblasts), which has great therapeutic potential in the not-too-distant future. Conclusions:The range of functional possibilities of adipose tissue has widened. An understanding of these potentials could make this tissue a great ally in the fight against conditions that are currently assuming epidemic proportions (obesity, diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and arteriosclerosis) and in which adipose tissue is still seen as the enemy.J Pediatr (Rio J). 2007;83(5 Suppl):S192-203: Adipocyte, lipogenesis, lypolisis, adipokines adipogenesis.

Characterization of Transcriptional Complexity during Adipose Tissue Development in Bovines of Different Ages and Sexes

“…Recently, adipose tissue has been emerging as an active participant in the regulation of physiologic and pathologic processes [2]. Adipose tissue has been identified as a key component of the endocrine system and the immune system because many adipose-derived secreted products, including hormones and inflammatory cytokines, are detected in this tissue [3], [4]. In humans, the excessive growth of adipose tissue, also know as obesity, has long been known as an independent risk factor for human health conditions, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and certain cancers [5]–[7].…”

Hepatic Acetyl CoA Links Adipose Tissue Inflammation to Hepatic Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes

“…In this regard, inflammatory cytokines are well-established mediators of lipolysis (Fonseca-Alaniz et al, 2007; Savage et al, 2005; Suganami and Ogawa, 2010), and protection from inflammation-associated insulin resistance could explain the preserved insulin sensitivity of macrophage-specific c-JUN N-terminal kinase (mφJNK) knockout mice fed a high-fat diet (Han et al, 2013). …”

Perilipin Expression Reveals Adipogenic Potential of hADSCs inside Superporous Polymeric Cellular Delivery Systems

“…In a dynamic view, adipose tissue (AT) through its cellular component, the adipocytes, generates a wide range of signal molecules such as growth factors, proteins related to the immune system, and adipokines [8]. Particularly, subcutaneous adipose depots are accessible and abundant, in contrast with the bone marrow (BM), the traditional mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) harvesting source.…”