Asma em escolares do Recife - comparação de prevalências: 1994-95 e 2002

Abstract

Objectives: To describe the prevalence of asthma and asthma variants in schoolchildren from Recife in 2002, and to compare these data with data from ; to analyze the relationship between maternal schooling and the presence of asthma or worsening asthma; and to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the yearly prevalence of wheezing as an asthma indicator.Methods: Cross-sectional study. A probabilistic sample of 3,086 and 2,774 13-and 14-year-old students answered a written questionnaire in 1994-95 and 2002, as part of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood.Results: The following prevalence rates were observed in 1994-95 and 2002, respectively: cumulative prevalence of referred asthma: 21 vs 18.2%; cumulative prevalence of wheezing: 39 vs 38%; yearly prevalence of wheezing: 19.7 vs 19.4%; yearly prevalence of night cough: 31 vs 38%; yearly prevalence of exercise-induced wheezing: 20.6 vs 23.8%. The yearly prevalence of asthma attacks was 16.3 vs 15.2% for 1 to 3 attacks; 2.7 vs 1.2% for 4 to 12 attacks; and 1 vs 0.4% for more than 12 attacks. The yearly prevalence of attacks that disturbed sleep was 13 and 10.3%. The yearly prevalence of attacks with compromised speech was 4.8 and 4.1%. Higher levels of maternal schooling were related to higher cumulative prevalence of referred asthma and to cumulative and yearly prevalence of wheezing. Conclusions:The prevalence of asthma and its severe forms is high in teenager students in Recife. It is also related to higher levels of maternal schooling. IntroductionAsthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways, predominantly eosinophilic, which results in a recurrent obstruction of the airflow, reversible spontaneously or in response to therapy. Atopic disease is the most frequently identified predisposing factor. 1-4 It constitutes a public health problem, as much for its prevalence as for its morbidity. [5][6][7][8][9] During phase one of ISAAC, (International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood), 463,801 13 and 14 year-old adolescents and 257,800 children aged 6 and 7 years of age, from 56 countries were studied by questionnaire. The average cumulative prevalence of asthma reported was 11.3%, varying from 1.4 to 30.4%. Brazil was eighth in the ranking. 5 This project investigated 20,544 schoolchildren aged 13-14 years and 13,604 aged 6-7 years, in Curitiba, Itabira, Recife, Salvador, São Paulo, Porto Alegre and Uberlândia. In the first group, the reported prevalence of asthma was 9.8% for males and 10.2% for females. In the 6-7 year-old group, it was 7.3 and 4.9%, respectively. 6 In Recife, the ISAAC data from 1994-95 for 1,410 schoolchildren aged 6 and 7 years and 3,086 pupils aged 13 and 14 years old, demonstrated a reported asthma prevalence of 20.4 and 19.7%, respectively. 7 Further Brazilian studies using methods similar to those of the ISAAC project have also been performed recently. In schoolchildren from Uberlândia aged 6 and 7 In addition to the point-by-point assessments, the comparison of different periods allows ...

Prevalência de rinite alérgica em adolescentes do Distrito Federal: comparação entre as fases I e III do ISAAC

“…Our data are in agreement with data obtained in epidemiological studies of asthma, such as that carried out by Britto et al in Recife, reporting a higher prevalence of asthma in private schools and among children whose parents had spent longer in education. 16 One concern when a research project is based on the answers given to written questionnaires is the ability of the population studied to understand the questions and to provide adequate responses. This is one possible explanation for the prevalence of diagnosed rhinitis being significantly higher at private schools and in the socioeconomic groups with higher status.…”

Prevalência e associação de asma e rinite em adolescentes de 13 e 14 anos de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil

“…Os estudos sobre a associação entre classe social e asma têm evidenciado resultados conflitantes no Brasil e no mundo 23,28,29,30 . Os dados aqui obtidos estão de acordo com aqueles registrados em outras cidades da Região Nordeste do Brasil 28,29 , e trazem apoio à hipótese da higiene, que interpreta a variação nos riscos para as doenças alérgicas como o reflexo de diferentes exposições a agentes infecciosos numa fase precoce da vida 6 .…”

“…Os dados aqui obtidos estão de acordo com aqueles registrados em outras cidades da Região Nordeste do Brasil 28,29 , e trazem apoio à hipótese da higiene, que interpreta a variação nos riscos para as doenças alérgicas como o reflexo de diferentes exposições a agentes infecciosos numa fase precoce da vida 6 . Por outro lado, esses resultados poderiam, em alguma medida, apontar em direção às diferenças de acesso aos cuidados de saúde e/ou a aspectos culturais que proporcionariam maior compreensão e percepção dessas doenças entre os adolescentes de melhores condições socioeconômicas.…”

Prevalência de asma em adolescentes na cidade de Fortaleza, CE

“…(21,(27)(28)(29)(30) The results obtained in the present study are in accordance with those obtained in epidemiological studies conducted in other cities in the northeastern region of Brazil (27,30) and give support to the hygiene hypothesis, in which The prevalence of active asthma was slightly higher than the mean found in phase III of the ISAAC in Brazilian cities (19.0%), being higher than that found for the cities of Manaus (18.1%) and Natal (18.9%), which are at latitudes similar to that of Fortaleza, and similar to the rates obtained for the western zone of the city of São Paulo (21.9%) and for the city of Santo André (23.2%), despite the differences in latitude. In relation to the international centers, it was near those found for Saskatoon, Canada (24.0%) and in Sidney, Australia (24.7%), and similar to those in Costa Rica (23.7%), which was one of the highest in Latin America.…”