Meningites por Haemophilus influenzae b após a implantação da vacina específica

Abstract

The implementation of an Hib meningitis vaccination program has nearly eliminated Hib meningitis in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. These findings underscore the need to maintain the vaccination in children, with a thorough investigation of suspected cases and reporting of confirmed cases.

Anemia falciforme e infecções

“…Mortality is greatest in the age group from 0 to 4 years (in particular among those less than 1 year old), decreasing from there on. 27 It is important to emphasize that transmission may be possible throughout the entire period during which the microorganism is present and may be sustained even in the absence of nasal secretions, and Hib carriers also predominate in the same age group as peak incidence, which makes congregations (day-care centers, schools, institutions, etc.) the focus of vigilance and health care.…”

“…44 Vaccination against Hib was begun around 11 years ago almost everywhere and has become the primary preventative measure against the most invasive clinical forms of this microorganism, especially meningitis. 27 Routine vaccination is capable of preventing Hib carriers from being colonized, thus reducing transmission to the susceptible population. The vaccine s efficacy is elevated, varying from 95 to 100%, but this effectiveness does not yet reach 100% of the target-population, remaining fixed at 87 and 88%.…”

“…According to recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), failure of this vaccine is an uncommon event. 27 The incidence of invasive disease by Hib has been drastically reduced by means of vaccination. 34 The following vaccination regime is suggested: at 2, 4, 6 and 15 months.…”

Sickle cell disease and infection

“…Seu curso clínico é semelhante ao de outras meningites, tornando difícil sua distinção da meningite pneumocócica ou meningocócica. A mortalidade é maior na faixa etária de 0 a 4 anos (em especial nos menores de 1 ano), decaindo a partir daí 27 . É importante ressaltar que a transmissibilidade pode se estabelecer durante todo o tempo em que o microorganismo estiver presente, podendo ser duradoura, inclusive na ausência de secreções nasais, e os portadores do Hib predominam na mesma faixa etária da sua incidência, o que torna os aglomerados (creches, escolas, instituições, etc.)…”

“…É importante ressaltar que a transmissibilidade pode se estabelecer durante todo o tempo em que o microorganismo estiver presente, podendo ser duradoura, inclusive na ausência de secreções nasais, e os portadores do Hib predominam na mesma faixa etária da sua incidência, o que torna os aglomerados (creches, escolas, instituições, etc.) focos de vigilância e atenção à saúde 27 .…”