Enxertia em figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos' por borbulhia e garfagem

Abstract

ResumoCom o intuito de desenvolver um protocolo de enxertia em estacas não enraizadas de figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos' (Ficus carica L.), foram realizados dois experimentos com aplicação de duas técnicas de propagação: borbulhia e garfagem. No primeiro experimento, estacas lenhosas de 20 cm de comprimento, coletadas da porção mediana dos ramos, de junho a setembro, foram enxertadas por borbulhia tipo placa e "T" normal. No segundo experimento, os propágulos foram coletados em julho e as estacas foram enxertadas pelo método da garfagem, imergindo-se metade das estacas em solução de 2.000 mg L -1 de AIB por 10 segundos e metade permaneceu como controle. Os enxertos foram protegidos com sacos plásticos transparentes (18 x 3 cm), mantidos por 0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias. Posteriormente, as estacas dos dois experimentos foram enterradas a 2/3 de seu comprimento em leito de areia, sob telado (sombrite com 50% de luminosidade). Aos 60 e 120 dias após a enxertia, mensuraram-se a porcentagem de borbulhas e garfos vivos, a porcentagem de borbulhas e garfos brotados, a porcentagem de borbulhas e garfos vivos em porta-enxertos enraizados e o comprimento médio da brotação do enxerto. Concluiu-se que a enxertia da figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos' pode ser efetuada por borbulhia, pelo método "T", e por garfagem, devendo-se efetuar a imersão das estacas em AIB e proteger os garfos por 60 dias.Palavras-chave: Ficus carica L., propagação vegetativa, AIB. Grafting fig tree 'Roxo de Valinhos' by budding and cleft AbstractAiming to develop a protocol for grafting unrooted cuttings of 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig tree (Ficus carica L.), two experiments were carried by applying different propagation techniques: budding and grafting. In the first experiment, cuttings of 20 cm length taken from the middle portion of the branches from June to September were grafted by bud of plate type and normal 'T' type. In the second experiment, cuttings were collected in July and grafted by the cleft grafting method, by immersing cuttings in 2.000 mg L -1 IBA for 10 s. Control cuttings were not immersed in IBA. The grafts were protected with transparent plastic bags (18 x 3 cm), for 0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days. Cuttings from both experiments were buried 2/3 of their length in sand under greenhouse conditions (50% of shading). At 60 and 120 days after grafting, percentage of buds and forks alive, buds and forks sprouted, percentage of buds and forks alive on rooted rootstocks, and sprout length were evaluated. As conclusion, grafting of 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig tree can be accomplished by normal "T" type budding and also by grafting, with an immersion of the cuttings in IBA and graft protection for 60 days.

ROOTSTOCK AGE AND GROWTH HABIT INFLUENCE TOP GRAFTING IN Araucaria angustifolia

“…Other studies also observed reduced graft survival when working with patch grafts (KOTZ et al, 2011;WENDLING et al, 2016), which caused poor cicatrization of the bud, and led to graft death. However, further studies are needed to clarify these results.…”

Advances in propagation of Ficus carica L.

“…For Kotz et al (2011), the introduction of varieties or species of the genus Ficus tolerant to nematodes is essential, as well as to test the potential propagation of the other resistant species found in Brazil, and new canopy varieties, for the diversification of the Brazilian ficiculture.…”

“…Averages followed by the same uppercase letter in the line and the same lowercase letter in the column, do not differ from each other by the Tukey test at 5% probability. Source:Kotz et al (2011) Grafting by cleft graft method in 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig tree,Kotz et al (2011) obtained adequate results in relation to the percentage of live grafts (81.7%), demonstrating satisfactory development of seedlings and good morphophysiological compatibility.…”

<b>Rooting of stem segments from fig tree cultivars

“…Fig breeding studies for the development of new fig tree selections are costly since the pomological characteristics of the flowers are located within a closed receptacle (syconium) that has a small opening, making pollination difficult. Thus, the genetic diversity of most F. carica species is based on spontaneous mutations that are only multiplied through cuttings (Kotz, Campagnolo, Chagas, & Dalastra, 2011).…”