Enraizamento de segmentos nodais caulinares de figueira

Abstract

RESUMOVisando aumentar o rendimento de mudas de figueira objetivou-se neste trabalho estudar o enraizamento de segmentos nodais caulinares, utilizando-se diferentes concentrações de AIB (ácido indolbutírico) e ferimentos entre os nós da estaca. Estacas caulinares da porção mediana de figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos' foram coletadas por ocasião da poda hibernal (julho), padronizadas com 20 cm de comprimento, diâmetro de 12 mm e cinco nós. Em metade das estacas, realizou-se um ferimento entre os nós [cortes quadrados com dimensões de 1 (um) cm]. As estacas foram tratadas com diferentes concentrações de AIB (0, 1.000, 2.000 e 3.000 mg L -1 ), e enterradas na posição horizontal, a 5 cm de profundidade, permanecendo totalmente imersas, em leito de areia umedecido, sob telado (sombrite com 50% de luminosidade). Passados 90 dias, mensurou-se a porcentagem de estacas enraizadas e brotadas, o comprimento médio das brotações, a porcentagem de nós enraizados, número médio de raízes e brotações por estaca e por nó e o rendimento de mudas (número médio de nós enraizados e simultaneamente brotados, por estaca). O enraizamento dos segmentos nodais caulinares é uma alternativa para o aumento no rendimento de mudas de figueira, devendo-se causar ferimento entre os nós e aplicação de 2000 mg L -1 de AIB. Palavras-chave: Ficus carica L.; propagação vegetativa; ácido indolbutírico. ABSTRACT ROOTING OF NODAL SEGMENTS OF FIG TREEThe aim of this work was to increase the rooting of stem nodal segments of tree seedling using different concentrations of IBA and injuries between the knots. Stem cuttings of fig tree 'Roxo de Valinhos' were collected at the moment of the hibernal pruning (July), standardized with 20 cm in length, diameter of 12 mm and five knots. In half of the stakes, an injury was done between the knots [square cuts with dimensions of 1 (one) cm]. The stakes were treated with different concentrations of IBA (0, 1.000, 2.000 and 3.000 mg L -1 ) and fully buried in the horizontal position at 5 cm of depth in moist sand under nursery (50% of brightness) condition. After 90 days, the rooting and sprouting of stakes, the length of shoots, the rooted nodes, number of roots and shoots per cutting and knot and yield of seedlings (average number of nodes rooted in sprouted cuttings) were evaluated. The rooting of nodal segments is an alternative for increasing the rooting of fig tree seedlings, being indicated an injury between knots associated to the application of 2000 mg L -1 of IBA.

<b>Rooting of stem segments from fig tree cultivars

“…This may have occurred because of the use of wounding and treatment with IBA. These results corroborate those found by Pauletti et al (2010), who also noted reduction in sprout emergence when working with segmented cuttings from the 'Roxo de Valinhos' cultivar.…”

“…In a practical sense, this means that adoption of the nodal technique for rooting quadruples the seedling yield for the 'Colo de Dama' cultivar and triples seedling yield for the 'Lemon' cultivar. These results are useful and applicable for efficient multiplication of new cultivars, as reported by Pauletti et al (2010) It was observed that the sprouting percentage was lower than the other methods, with the exception of the alporquia method. This may have occurred because of the use of wounding and treatment with IBA.…”

“…A wound was made between nodes (square cuts with dimensions of 1 cm). The cuttings were treated with IBA at 2000 mg L -1 using a finebristle brush between the nodes of the cuttings, according to the methodology of Pauletti et al (2010), to stimulate rooting of the cuttings.…”

“…In this context, the adoption of alternative methods for vegetative propagation from fig tree cuttings (using other stem cuttings), such as layering (Pio et al, 2007;Daneluz et al, 2009), nodal segments (Pauletti, Barbosa, Chagas, & Kotz, 2010), hardwood cuttings of the apical portion of the branches (Ohland et al, 2009a), herbaceous cuttings originating from sprout removal (Pio et al, 2005), and herbaceous cuttings obtained during the growing season (Nogueira, Chalfun, Dutra, & Villa, 2007) could provide high rooting in cuttings that have low rooting when propagated by the current method of hardwood cuttings.…”

Evaluation of genetic diversity in fig accessions by using microsatellite markers

“…According to Ferreira et al (2009), the predominance of this cultivar in Brazilian orchards is due to its desired traits of vigor, productivity, rusticity, and wide acceptance by consumers and the industry. However, this predominance has resulted in serious disease risks related to nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita (Rodrigues et al, 2009;Pauletti et al, 2010;Kotz et al, 2011a,b).…”