Melhoramento de Agave por hibridação

Salgado, Antônio Luiz de Barros; Ciaramello, Dirceu; Azzini, Anisio

doi:10.1590/s0006-87051979000100001

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…In Brazil, the main example of this process was the Agave breeding program. From the 1950s-80s, the Agronomic Institute (IAC) was the country's leader in the development of new Agave cultivars (Medina, 1954;Medina, 1956;Medina, 1959;Ciaramello et al, 1975;Azzini and Ciaramello, 1977;Salgado et al, 1979;Raya et al, 2023). However, with the lack of investment and the retirement of the leading researchers, there was no continuity of this program (Raya et al, 2021;Raya et al, 2023).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of sisal bole rot disease suggests a potential phytosanitary crisis in Brazilian production areas

Raya,

Quintanilha-Peixoto,

de Oliveira

et al. 2023

Front. Chem. Eng.

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Sisal bole rot disease is the major phytosanitary problem of Agave plantations in Brazil. The disease is caused by a cryptic species of Aspergillus: A. welwitschiae. To date, the only way to diagnose the disease was to observe external symptoms, visible only when the plant is already compromised, or through the isolation and sequencing of the pathogen, which requires cutting the entire plant for bole tissue sampling. We developed a new primer set based on a unique gene region of A. welwitschiae, which can detect the phytopathogenic strains through PCR directly from sisal leaves. Using the new marker to study the main sisal-producing areas in Brazil, we discovered a troublesome situation. The main producing areas of this crop had a pathogen incidence of 78%–88%. The dispersion index indicates a regular spatial pattern for disease distribution, suggesting that the use of contaminated suckers to establish new fields may be the main disease-spreading mechanism. Altogether, the high incidence of the pathogen, the unavailability of clean plants, the unpredictability of disease progression, and the low investment capacity of farmers reveal the vulnerability of this sector to a potential phytosanitary crisis. By correlating the disease symptomatology with soil nutritional traits, we suggest that higher potassium availability might decrease visual symptoms, while phosphorus may have the opposite effect. Also, we observe a potential cultivar effect, suggesting that common sisal may be more susceptible than hybrid cultivars (especially H400). This new molecular tool is a significant advance for understanding the disease, enabling the implementation of a monitoring program and studies that may lead to pathogen control strategies and changes in the Brazilian production model.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of sisal bole rot disease suggests a potential phytosanitary crisis in Brazilian production areas

Raya,

Quintanilha-Peixoto,

de Oliveira

et al. 2023

Front. Chem. Eng.

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“…azul, A. rhodachanta Ejutla, and A. rhodachanta Alamos, and not with any of our A. sisalana samples. IAC4 may be a remnant line of the IAC hybridization experiments conducted in 1958 (Salgado et al, 1979). Also, A. amaniensis is diploid (2n = 60) unlike A. sisalana (Doughty, 1936;Queiroz et al, 2012), and recent chloroplast analysis has also shown that these two species are not the same (Xu et al, 2022).…”

Section: Using Mayahuelin To Trace the History Of Agave Accessions In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Known as Blue Sisal, A. amaniensis became popular locally due to its fast growth and high fiber yield (Medina, 1954;Ciaramello et al, 1975). A. amaniensis was used in breeding by hybridization with A. angustifolia (Salgado et al, 1979) and is the parental line of the most widely cultivated hybrid cultivar in the world, H11648 (Monja-Mio et al, 2019). Although Blue Sisal was once considered a variation of A. sisalana and later classified as a synonym (WFO, 2023), our data and recent studies indicate that A. amaniensis is a distinct species.…”

Section: Using Mayahuelin To Trace the History Of Agave Accessions In...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the case with pulque cultivars of A. salmiana, which clearly show reduced teeth and gigantism as a strong mark of domestication (Gentry, 1982;Álvarez-Ríos et al, 2020). The presence of teeth in the progenies of A. sisalana has been a limiting factor for the improvement of this species, and one of the reasons why fiber improvement research focused on hybridization between A. amaniensis and A. angustifolia (Medina, 1954;Salgado et al, 1979;Silva and Beltrão, 1999;Monja-Mio et al, 2019). A. sisalana exhibits instability with respect to this trait (Supplementary Tables S3, S4), often showing frequent "Escape" or reversion to its Armata form.…”

Section: Perspectives For Agave Research and Breedingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To achieve this, the IAC introduced over seven species with fiber production potential in the country, including A. amaniensis, A. cantala, A. letonae, A. zapupe, and A. fourcroydes (Medina, 1954;Medina, 1956;Medina, 1959;Ciaramello et al, 1975). IAC was responsible for hybridization studies using A. angustifolia and A. amaniensis (Salgado et al, 1979;Azzini et al, 1989), generating lines that can be 10 times more productive than the common A. sisalana (Salgado et al, 1979), and, to this date, it remains the only institution that has developed Brazilian Agave varieties. However, the advent of synthetic fibers with more competitive prices, led to a decrease in sisal production in Brazil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rescuing the Brazilian Agave breeding program: morphophysiological and molecular characterization of a new germplasm

Raya,

de Carvalho,

José

et al. 2023

Front. Chem. Eng.

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Agaves have been a valuable resource in dryland areas for centuries, providing fibers (sisal), food, and beverages. However, the advent of synthetic fibers has led to a decrease in research on Agave, resulting in the cessation of breeding programs in Brazil. With the rise of climate change, there is renewed interest in Agave for its potential as a biofuel feedstock in semiarid regions. Since 2016, we have been collecting Agave accessions throughout the country and retrieving what is left of Brazil’s original breeding program to establish a new germplasm bank. Here, we evaluated 21 of those accessions growing in the field. We used molecular markers and morphophysiological traits to characterize the plants. Based on the Mayahuelin molecular marker, we were able to reconstruct a phylogeny for the Brazilian accessions. The morphophysiological traits explained 34.6% of the phenotypic variation in the dataset, with physiological traits such as leaf water content, effective quantum efficiency of photosystem II (ΦPSII), and specific leaf mass (SLM) as the most significant traits. Specifically, we evaluated nine Agave species and found that the physiological traits, rather than the morphological ones, were the most significant. Leaf water content was negatively correlated with specific leaf mass, which could be used as a marker for selecting cultivars with higher biomass accumulation. Interestingly, ΦPSII and chlorophyll content were negatively correlated, suggesting photochemical adaptations throughout the rosette. Molecular and phenotypic data suggest that A. amaniensis, which is frequently considered a synonym of A. sisalana, is effectively another species. Overall, this study provides valuable information on the physiological traits of Brazilian Agave accessions and is a starting point for selecting more productive and climate-resilient cultivars for biorenewables production.

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Sapogeninas esteroídicas em sisal

et al. 1989

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Foram determinados os teores de sapogeninas esteroídicas hecogenina e tigogenina em folhas secas de sisal (Agave sisalana) e dos híbridos de A. amaniensis x A. Angustifolia, obtidos no Instituto Agronômico. Esses híbridos mostraram maiores teores de sapogeninas, 220-480mg/100g, do que o sisal, 140 ± 28mg/100g, assim como maiores teores de tigogenina (148-217mg/100g). Apenas o híbrido 003B apresentou teor de hecogenina (99 ± 16mg/100g) significativamente maior que o encontrado no sisal comum (26 ± 3mg/100g).

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Melhoramento de Agave por hibridação

Cited by 5 publications

References 2 publications

Molecular epidemiology of sisal bole rot disease suggests a potential phytosanitary crisis in Brazilian production areas

Molecular epidemiology of sisal bole rot disease suggests a potential phytosanitary crisis in Brazilian production areas

Rescuing the Brazilian Agave breeding program: morphophysiological and molecular characterization of a new germplasm

Sapogeninas esteroídicas em sisal

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