Neuronosology: historical remarks

Gomes, Marleide da Mota

doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2011000400028

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…As the author of the first Brazilian neuropsychiatric text, Insania loquaz (1831), he may be regarded as the first Brazilian neuropsy chiatrist 7 . João Vicente Torres Homem (1837-1887), the author of the first Brazilian medical book fully committed to neurology 8 , Lições sobre as moléstias do systema nervoso… (1886), was the Internal Medicine Chair in Rio de Janeiro. According to Nava (apud Fiocruz) 9 : "Torres Homem is the representative type, the index, the sum of whom was the result of the in fluence of French Medicine on the evolution of indigenous clinics.…”

Section: French Medicine and The Precursors Of Brazilian Neurologymentioning

confidence: 99%

French school of neurology in the 19 th and first half of the 20th century, and its influence in Brazil

Gomes

Cavalcanti²,

Engelhardt³

2013

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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French medicine was of the utmost importance for the birth of modern medicine and neurology in the 19 th century. Innovative approaches, such as examination at the bedside, the use of the stethoscope, techniques of auscultation, palpation, and close patient examination, besides emphasis on anatomical-clinical correlation and observation of the outcome of the disease, were put into practice. French medicine offered professional training and incentives for the beginnings of Brazilian neurology and psychiatry. Returning from France, many Brazilian physicians implemented what they had learned, mainly in Paris. The most important pupils of the French neurology schools in Brazil during the 19 th century and first half of the 20 th century include names like Antonio Austregesilo, Aloysio de Castro, Enjolras Vampré, and Deolindo Couto, founders of the leading Brazilian neurological schools, directly influenced by Dejerine, Pierre Marie, Guillain and Babinski.

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Section: French Medicine and The Precursors Of Brazilian Neurologymentioning

confidence: 99%

French school of neurology in the 19 th and first half of the 20th century, and its influence in Brazil

Gomes

Cavalcanti²,

Engelhardt³

2013

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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“…This reflected the conflict between new theories of disease and the other driven by tropical illnesses and poverty, based on sanitary and anatomoclinical knowledge 4 . This clashing was also seen by Vicente de Torres Homem (1837-1887), who did not accept the idea that microscopic creatures "could enslave all cellular pathology" and also based on the pre-germ theory that pervades the work of Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893) and William Alexander Hammond (1828-1900) 7 . Regarding the epidemiology at the time, it is remarkable that even the upper classes died of infectious diseases: Dom Pedro I (1834), of tuberculosis, at the age of 36 years in Lisbon, and his 10 years-old daughter, Paula Mariana (1833), in Rio de Janeiro, probably of encephalitis caused by intermittent fever (Jobim was one of her physicians) 2,6,8 .…”

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confidence: 97%

The first Brazilian neuropsychiatrist, José Martins da Cruz Jobim, tuberculous meningitis and mental disease

Gomes

Engelhardt

Chimelli

2013

Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr.

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The intersection between infectious diseases, poverty and mental disease was an important subject to the Brazilian Neuropsychiatry in the early 19th century. José Martins da Cruz Jobim (1802-1878) was engaged in a hygienist approach based on symptomatological and anatomopathological studies. He wrote "Insânia loquaz" (Loquacious insanity), 1831, the first written text about mental illness in Brazil, founded on clinical and pathological data, compatible with tuberculous meningitis. Thus, Jobim deserves the title of the first neuropsychiatrist in Brazil. The authors critically studied the clinical history and the autopsy findings of his cases, and the main health policies at the time.

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Psychiatric nosological historiography - Part I: until the raising and fall of the psychodynamic theory

Gomes,

Mendlowicz,

Nardi

2023

Debates em Psiquiatria

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Introduction: The history of psychiatry encompasses the evolving concepts about the relationship between body and mind and also of the definition of normality, which depend on the knowledge and customs of different times and places. For a better understanding of this journey, this study privileged the presentation of the influential figures on the construction of psychiatric nosology and classifications mainly unfolded on a descriptive or causal basis, from psychics or somatics driving, since the western renaissance. Because of the length of this historical path, this study is divided into two parts. This paper, the first in a two-part series, is a preamble to the development of the new nosography and psychopharmacology of the 21st century, merit of the second paper in this series. Method: Narrative review based on secondary sources. Results: Part One includes a review of prior studies concluding that the psychiatric nosography construction has many stations and it passes through the 18th century more structured morbid classifications based on taxonomies of the natural sciences. Psychiatric classifications navigate the course between different psychiatric theories, often marked by inherent prejudices, alongside advances achieved in neuroscience and its intricate connections with the physiology of emotions, cognition and behaviors, shedding light on their deviations or disorders. This evolution goes in parallel with that of the macro and microanatomy, physiology, chemistry, pharmacology, genetics, internal medicine, mainly neurology, apace with evaluation techniques that also reach the Blood-oxygen-level-dependent imaging (BOLD) fMRI (functional magnetic resonance imaging) that indirectly study the action of neurotransmitters and neuronal signalling. The biologic approach stands in contrast to the psychodynamic theory, particularly dominant until roughly the mid-20th century. Conclusion: The study of psychiatric nosohistoriography helps to understand the conceptual evolution of mental illnesses and the most recent importance of psychopharmacology for this.

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Neuronosology: historical remarks

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

French school of neurology in the 19 th and first half of the 20th century, and its influence in Brazil

French school of neurology in the 19 th and first half of the 20th century, and its influence in Brazil

The first Brazilian neuropsychiatrist, José Martins da Cruz Jobim, tuberculous meningitis and mental disease

Psychiatric nosological historiography - Part I: until the raising and fall of the psychodynamic theory

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