The first Brazilian neuropsychiatrist, José Martins da Cruz Jobim, tuberculous meningitis and mental disease

Self Cite

French medicine was of the utmost importance for the birth of modern medicine and neurology in the 19 th century. Innovative approaches, such as examination at the bedside, the use of the stethoscope, techniques of auscultation, palpation, and close patient examination, besides emphasis on anatomical-clinical correlation and observation of the outcome of the disease, were put into practice. French medicine offered professional training and incentives for the beginnings of Brazilian neurology and psychiatry. Returning from France, many Brazilian physicians implemented what they had learned, mainly in Paris. The most important pupils of the French neurology schools in Brazil during the 19 th century and first half of the 20 th century include names like Antonio Austregesilo, Aloysio de Castro, Enjolras Vampré, and Deolindo Couto, founders of the leading Brazilian neurological schools, directly influenced by Dejerine, Pierre Marie, Guillain and Babinski.

Section: French Medicine and The Precursors Of Brazilian Neurologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: French Medicine and The Precursors Of Brazilian Neurologymentioning

confidence: 99%

French school of neurology in the 19 th and first half of the 20th century, and its influence in Brazil

Gomes

Cavalcanti²,

Engelhardt³

2013

Self Cite

Historical sketches of the beginnings of the academic "Mental and Nervous Diseases" in Brazil, and European influences

Gomes

Engelhardt²

2013

Self Cite

We present the common milestones of the neurology and psychiatry in Brazil, but, previously, they were summarized in the European matrix. The main psychiatric and neurological historical interceptions may be recognized by the terms neurology, psychiatry, alienism, neurosis and insanity; its organogenesis or socio-and psychogenetic basis; and its proximity or distance from internal medicine.Key words: neurology, psychiatry, neuropsychiatry, history, neurosciences. RESUMOApresentam-se as etapas comuns da neurologia e da psiquiatria no Brasil, porém, essas etapas foram previamente resumidas na matriz europeia. As principais interceptações históricas psiquiátricas e neurológicas podem ser reconhecidas pelos termos neurologia, psiquiatria, alienismo, neurose e insanidade, sua organogênese ou base social e psicogenética e a sua proximidade ou distância da medicina interna.Palavras-Chave: neurologia, psiquiatria, neuropsiquiatria, história, neurociências. Historical sketches of the beginnings of the academic "Mental and Nervous Diseases" in Brazil, and European influencesEsboços históricos do começo acadêmico das "Doenças mentais e nervosas" no Brasil e influências européias The organic basis of psychiatry, or on the opposite direction, the socio-and psychogenetic basis, gives the historical forward or backward tropism to neurology. In this article, we comment on this journey in Brazil, but first we make a summary of the main confluent or differential historical hallmarks of neurology and psychiatry that led their way in Europe. THE NEUROLOGICAL AND PSYCHIATRIC BOUNDARYThe construction of the modern neurology and psychiatry stems from the seventeenth century. The critical points of the parallel history of neurology and psychiatry are shown in Fig 1. In short, the field and development of both specialties came from internal medicine. Much of this initial development was studied by Bogousslavsky and Moulin 1 in a paper that presents the historical backbone of the French neurology and psychiatry. The emergence of neurology as an autonomous and prestigious field occurred in the late nineteenth century in Paris lead by Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-1893. A chair of Clinical Diseases of the Nervous System (1882) was established at the School of Medicine in Paris and occupied by Charcot. Previously (1875), a chair for Clinic of Mental Illness and Diseases of the Brain was devised, in the same School of Medicine, under Charcot's influence 1 . However, the unity of Charcot's School took place around the study of hysteria, as hysterical women with somatic manifestations were commonly admitted to La Salpêtrière. Indeed, the alienists had always claimed their disinterest for this condition at the time. The alienists were trying to explain all cases of insanities as a result of brain lesions, but they mainly focused on patient management. However,

Neurological signs described at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro: connecting the past to the future

Mermelstein

Pereira

Gonçalves

et al. 2019

The Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ) is one of the pillars of Brazilian Medicine and, in Neurology, has always shown prominence, with notable professors such as Antônio Austregésilo and Deolindo Couto. Historically, practitioners of the UFRJ Medical School have discovered neurological signs that, although used in medical and academic practice, have never been published. Objective Our aim was to bring these signs to the forefront so that they become properly recognized and studied. Methods We conducted our search by questioning 49 professors and physicians by e-mail about neurological signs that they remembered having had contact with at UFRJ. Results We report on the unpublished pillow sign in progressive supranuclear palsy; the Brazilian sandal sign in functional or malingering patients; the dermographism sign in acute meningitis; the reverse forearm rolling sign in functional palsies; the cycling maneuver in parkinsonian syndromes and the Sá Cavalcanti sign, a Babinski equivalent. We have also recollected the following published signs for their historical relevance: the Austregésilo sign (Antônio Austregésilo), another Babinski equivalent; the digiti quinti rolling sign in subtle palsies (Péricles Maranhão) and the digiti quinti sign in hemiplegic migraine (Maurice Vincent). These signs are easily reproduced and have potential clinical applicability, deserving to be more thoroughly studied. Conclusions Through a qualitative methodology, we have identified six original unpublished neurological signs known by the academic community, establishing the contribution of these individuals to the expansion of neurological semiology.