Performance of 119 Brazilian children on Stroop paradigm: Victoria version

Abstract

-Background: The Stroop paradigm evaluates susceptibility to interference and is sensitive to dysfunction in frontal lobes. Performance in the Stroop changes along the development. Despite its usefulness in research and clinical settings, there are few studies with Brazilian samples. Objective: This study investigates the performance and age effect on Stroop paradigm of Brazilian children. Method: A sample of 119 children, aged from 7 to 10 years, was submitted to the Victoria version of Stroop. Results: The pattern of results observed was similar to that observed in foreign studies with adults and children. Younger children were overall slower than older ones (positive correlation between age and naming time). Also, younger children showed more susceptible to interference than older ones (negative correlation between age and number of errors for the maximal interference condition). Conclusion: There was an age effect explained in terms of developmental changes in information processing velocity and attention selectivity.KeY worDS: attention, cognition, neuropsychology, child. desempenho de 119 crianças brasileiras no paradigma Stroop -Versão Victoriaresumo -Introdução: o paradigma Stroop avalia a susceptibilidade à interferência e é sensível a disfunção nos lobos frontais. o desempenho no Stroop muda durante o desenvolvimento. Apesar de sua utilidade na pesquisa e na clínica, existem poucos estudos brasileiros. Objetivo: Investigar o desempenho e efeito de idade de crianças brasileiras no Stroop. Método: A versão Victoria do Stroop foi aplicada em 119 crianças (7 a 10 anos). Resultados: o padrão de resultados observado é comparável a estudos estrangeiros com adultos e crianças. Crianças mais jovens foram mais lentas do que as mais velhas (correlação positiva entre idade e tempo de nomeação). os mais jovens apresentaram maior susceptibilidade à interferência, comparados aos mais velhos (correlação negativa entre idade e número de erros para a condição de interferência máxima). Conclusão: o efeito de idade foi observado e discutido em termos de mudanças na velocidade de processamento da informação e na seletividade da atenção.

“I Can Read These Colors.” Orthographic Manipulations and the Development of the Color-Word Stroop

“…Adult studies suggest that greater interference is sometimes observed with vocal compared to manual responses (White, 1969; Redding and Gerjets, 1977; MacLeod, 1991). Although the response times we observed were much faster (i.e., under 1 s, Figure 2) than those requiring verbal response (Comalli et al, 1962; Schiller, 1966; Berninger et al, 1991; Armengol, 2002; Leon-Carrion et al, 2004; Pritchard and Neumann, 2004; Peru et al, 2006; Charchat-Fichman and Oliveira, 2009; Polderman et al, 2009), relations with age were strong; we showed that age shared approximately 33% of the variance with all conditions (Table 3). Inter-correlations with conditions were stronger, showing greater common variance ranging from 53 to 74%.…”

“…Specifically, age accounted for slightly more variance in the Incongruent factor and for the least amount for variance for the Word-congruent. Previous research on the Stroop documented that children became progressively faster as they responded verbally to stimuli (Comalli et al, 1962; Schiller, 1966; Berninger et al, 1991; Armengol, 2002; Leon-Carrion et al, 2004; Pritchard and Neumann, 2004; Peru et al, 2006; Charchat-Fichman and Oliveira, 2009; Polderman et al, 2009), and this was what we also found with speeded manual responses (Figure 2; Table 3). Adult studies suggest that greater interference is sometimes observed with vocal compared to manual responses (White, 1969; Redding and Gerjets, 1977; MacLeod, 1991).…”

“…The color-word Stroop task (Stroop, 1935) is a widely used measure that has been theorized to be an index of executive functioning such as interference control (e.g., van Mourik et al, 2005), selective attention and cognitive flexibility (e.g., Homack and Riccio, 2004; Charchat-Fichman and Oliveira, 2009), and response inhibition (Pocklington and Maybery, 2006). The Stroop task requires an individual to identify the ink color of stimuli as quickly as possible.…”

“…The majority of the studies using the color-word Stroop are individual difference rather than developmental studies. We found relatively few reports that examined three or more age groups of typically developing children and adolescence using the Stroop (Comalli et al, 1962; Schiller, 1966; Berninger et al, 1991; Armengol, 2002; Leon-Carrion et al, 2004; Pritchard and Neumann, 2004; Peru et al, 2006; Charchat-Fichman and Oliveira, 2009; Polderman et al, 2009), overall showing a negative relation between age and performance on the Stoop (i.e., as age increases, response times decrease).…”

Adaptación Del Test Stroop Victoria en Estudiantes Ecuatorianos

“…La tarea experimental Stroop Victoria (Mueller & Piper, 2014) es una tarea de control inhibitorio basada en el paradigma Stroop clásico (Troyer, Leach, & Strauss, 2006), la cual está desarrollada en una versión informatizada, en donde se utiliza un computador para poder realizarlo. Esta tarea consta de 3 fases (cada una de 26 estímulos) (Charchat-Fichman & Martins, 2009). En la primera fase el participante debe presionar los botones adecuados que indiquen el color (azul, rojo, amarillo y verde) de los círculos presentados en el monitor (ver Figura 1).…”