Investigation of Enterococcus Faecalis Population in Patients With Polyp and Colorectal Cancer in Comparison of Healthy Individuals

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers around the world. One of the factors involved in the development of colorectal cancer is the changes in the normal flora of the intestine. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the mean copy number of Enterococcus faecalis in people with polyps and people with colorectal cancer has been evaluated in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS: In this study, 25 patients with colorectal cancer and 28 patients with intestinal polyps were selected and stool specimens were taken. In addition, 24 healthy individuals were selected as control group. Extraction of bacterial DNA from the stool sample were performed. The molecular methods of PCR for confirmation of standard strain and absolute Real Time PCR (qRT-PCR) method were used to evaluate the number of Enterococcus faecalis in the studied groups. RESULTS: The results of this study indicate that the mean copy number of Enterococcus faecalis in patients with colorectal cancer was 11.2x109 per gram of stool, and in patients with polyps was 9.4x108 per gram of stool. In healthy people, this number was 9x108 per gram of stool. There was a significant difference between the implicit copy numbers in the three groups. (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Enterococcus faecalis in faecal flora of people with colorectal cancer was significantly higher than those with polyps and healthy people. This could potentially signify the ability of this bacterium to induce colorectal cancer. More studies are needed to prove this theory.

Oral Microbiome in Patients with Oesophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

“…The human intestinal microbiota has been hypothesised to promote the formation of colorectal cancer 16,17 . The levels of Enterococcus faecalis in the faecal flora of patients with colorectal cancer are significantly higher than those in the faecal flora of polyp patients and healthy people, which may mean that bacteria may induce colorectal cancer 18 . Furthermore, although it is not known how M. pneumoniae infection induces the progression of lung cancer, the relationship between M. pneumoniae infection and lung cancer is biologically plausible 19 .…”

A metagenome association study of gut microbiome revealed biomarkers for chemotherapy efficacy in locally advanced and advanced lung cancer

“…Interestingly, in our study, Streptococcus mutans was found to be enriched at baseline in patients with better outcomes, indicating that it may potentially contribute to chemotherapy e cacy in lung cancer. Gut microbiota, including Enterococcus, has been found to be signi cantly higher in cancer patients, especially those with colorectal cancer, than in healthy people, demonstrating the relevance of this ora to cancer [41]. Moreover, Enterococcus is more abundant in metastatic melanoma patients that responded to immunotherapy [42], which may lead to improved tumor control and greater e cacy of immunotherapy by augmented T cell responses.…”

Colon Carcinogenesis: The Interplay Between Diet and Gut Microbiota

“…Blood culture test Patients with history of C. septicum bacteremia had significantly higher CRC risk than those without (Kwong et al, 2018) Enterococcus faecalis Stool sample qRT-PCR Significantly higher in CRC patients than in healthy controls or patients with polyps (Geravand et al, 2019)…”

“…Indeed, many studies have revealed a consistent link between colorectal carcinogenesis and gut microbiota. Fusobacterium nucleatum (Kostic et al, 2013;Tahara et al, 2014;Fukugaiti et al, 2015;Viljoen et al, 2015;Li et al, 2016;Mima et al, 2016;Tunsjø et al, 2019), Streptococcus gallolyticus (Abdulamir et al, 2010;Butt et al, 2016;Corredoira et al, 2017;Kumar et al, 2017;Kwong et al, 2018), Clostridium difficile (Fukugaiti et al, 2015;Zheng et al, 2017), Clostridium septicum (Corredoira et al, 2017;Kwong et al, 2018), Enterococcus faecalis (Zhou et al, 2016;Rezasoltani et al, 2018;Geravand et al, 2019), Escherichia coli (Buc et al, 2013;Bonnet et al, 2014;Kohoutova et al, 2014;Dejea et al, 2018), Peptostreptococcus stomatis (Zeller et al, 2014;Yu et al, 2017), and Bacteroides fragilis (Boleij et al, 2015;Zhou et al, 2016;Purcell et al, 2017;Dejea et al, 2018;Kwong et al, 2018;Haghi et al, 2019) are differentially enriched in the fecal or colonic mucosa samples of CRC patients relative to healthy individuals, or in the CRC patient's tumor tissue relative to adjacent healthy tissue, wherein in some cases, CRC disease status is associated with the abundance of CRC-associated gut microbiota. CRC risk is also associated with the seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori antibodies (Zhang et al, 2012;Epplein et al, 2013;Teimoorian et al, 2018;Butt et al, 2019;…”