Comparative study of the blinking time between young adult and adult video display terminal users in indoor environment

Schaefer, Tania; Schaefer, Arthur Rubens Cunha; Abib, Fernando César; José, Newton Kara

doi:10.1590/s0004-27492009000500017

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The secondary more general goal was to determine the effects of eyeblinks on people’s ability to detect new items. For example, Doughty (2001) concluded that depending on task type (reading, gaze, conversation), spontaneous eyeblink frequency could range from 1.4 to 32.5 blinks per minute (see also Al-Abdulmunem & Briggs, 1999; Garcia, Pinto, Barbosa, & Cruz, 2011; Schaefer, Schaefer, Abib, & Jos&eacute, 2009; Stern, Walrath, & Goldstein, 1984; Tsubota et al, 1996). However, despite this apparent frequency, we do not normally perceive the occurrence of eyeblinks in our everyday functioning, most likely because vision is suppressed during an eyeblink (e.g., Volkmann, Riggs, & Moore, 1980), especially during the initial stages of eye closure (Volkman, Riggs, Ellicott, & Moore, 1982).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blink and you won’t miss it: The preview benefit in visual marking survives internally generated eyeblinks.

Mühlenen

Watson

Gunnell

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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People are able to ignore old (previewed) stimuli in order to prioritize the processing of newly appearing items--the preview benefit (D. G. Watson & G. W. Humphreys, 1997, "Visual marking: prioritizing selection for new objects by top-down attentional inhibition of old objects," Psychological Review, Vol. 104, pp. 90-122). According to the inhibitory visual marking account, this is achieved by the top-down and capacity-limited inhibition of old stimuli already in the field, which leads to a selection advantage for new items when they appear. In contrast, according to the abrupt luminance onset account (M. Donk & J. Theeuwes, 2001, "Visual marking beside the mark: prioritizing selection by abrupt onsets," Perception & Psychophysics, Vol. 63, pp. 891-900), new items capture attention automatically simply because they generate luminance onset signals. Here, we demonstrate that new items can be partially prioritized over old items even when they appear during an eyeblink and so have no unique luminance transients associated with their appearance. Overall, the findings suggest that both the inhibition of old items and attention capture by luminance changes contribute to time-based selection.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Blink and you won’t miss it: The preview benefit in visual marking survives internally generated eyeblinks.

Mühlenen

Watson

Gunnell

2013

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Perfor

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“…1Y5 In addition, patients may experience more end-of-day symptoms if they are affected by factors like solitude, boredom, fatigue, computer use, reading, or watching TV, all of which may predispose toward less frequent and less complete blinks operating during the day or perhaps especially at the end of the day compared with being involved in a social interaction environment with conversation and greater levels of alertness predisposing toward greater blink efficiency. 13,14 It may not be coincidental that the average occupational and leisure time using digital devices, such as computers, phones, tablets, and so on, was recently found to have grown to 4 to 6 hours for 33% of the US population, 7 to 9 hours for 22%, 10 to 12 hours for 14%, and more than 14 hours for 10%. 15 A greater intensity of problematic Internet use and its negative impacts are recognized as an impulse control disorder.…”

Section: Causes Of Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychological and Other Mechanisms for End-of-Day Soft Lens Symptoms

McMonnies

2013

Optometry and Vision Science

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Rather than dry eye symptoms, end-of-day discomfort in CL wearers might be more appropriately described as dry lens symptoms. Apart from tear function, lens condition, compliance with lens care instructions, and symptom strength, lens awareness may also be determined by psychological factors such as motivation, high expectations for comfort, and sense of subjective well-being. For example, high levels of comfort experienced on lens insertion may increase expectations of the level of comfort to be experienced at the end of the day. In addition, patient management seems to require a thorough assessment of lens comfort, which may indicate the need to review a patient's understanding of the relation between compliance and other factors, which could influence CL performance negatively. For example, increased use of digital devices, especially in air conditioning, and any associated reduced blink efficiency seem likely to be important contributors to dry lens symptoms.

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“…The prevalence of DED has been reported to be at high risk among the profound computers and visual display terminal (VDT) users distinctly in those who use for 4 h or more every day. [ 3 4 5 6 ] The risk factors to be associated with the incidence of DED are adulthood, increasing age, and professional workers[ 7 ]…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficacy of blink software in improving the blink rate and dry eye symptoms in visual display terminal users – A single-blinded randomized control trial

Ashwini

Ramesh

Nosch

et al. 2021

Indian J Ophthalmol

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Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease, more prevalent among visual display terminal users. Reduced blink rate is a risk factor to dry eye disorder, innovative means to remind to blink while using computers can be helpful. Methods: Single-blinded Randomized Control Trial enrolled computer users with dry eye. Allocation concealment was done using opaque envelope and principal investigator was blinded. After baseline examination, eligible participants were randomized to intervention group (appearance of bars is 8 times/min) and control group (appearance of bars is 1 time/min). Participants from both groups used the software for 15 days, came for first follow up, and did not use the software for next 15 days until second follow-up examination. During each visit, detailed eye examination was done including blink rate, tear film break up time, and Ocular Surface Disease Index score. Results: Forty-six participants (women n = 31; men n = 15) with a mean age of 28.02 (±6.295) years completed the study. Four participants were excluded from analysis because of early dropout. In the intervention group ( n = 23) and control group ( n = 23), participants were allocated. At the end of first phase, there was statistically significant difference in OSDI score ( P = 0.021). Statistically significant difference was noticed in OSDI ( P = 0.014) and blink rate ( P = 0.049) as baseline, and final visit data were compared. Conclusion: “Blink–Blink” software with 8 reminders/min improved DED-related symptoms by increasing the blink rate. The carry-over effect after cessation of Blink-Blink software in improving blink rate was maintained even after 1 month. Trial Registration : Clinical Trials Registry-India (CTRI): CTRI/2018/08/015176

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Comparative study of the blinking time between young adult and adult video display terminal users in indoor environment

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Blink and you won’t miss it: The preview benefit in visual marking survives internally generated eyeblinks.

Blink and you won’t miss it: The preview benefit in visual marking survives internally generated eyeblinks.

Psychological and Other Mechanisms for End-of-Day Soft Lens Symptoms

Efficacy of blink software in improving the blink rate and dry eye symptoms in visual display terminal users – A single-blinded randomized control trial

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