Estudo quantitativo da lágrima pelo teste de fenol vermelho na população brasileira

The phenol red thread test for lacrimal volume – does it matter if the eyes are open or closed?

“…However, in a later study by Hamano et al (1990) and in a multicentre study reported by Sakamoto et al (1993), it is stated that the subjects were asked to keep their eyes open for the 15 s whilst the cotton thread was in contact with the eyelid margin, and even to blink naturally. Similar protocol descriptions can be found in numerous further studies on the PRT (Little and Bruce, 1994;Kwong and Cho, 1998;Albietz et al, 2002;Labetoulle et al, 2002;Cho and Chan, 2003;Glasson et al, 2003Glasson et al, , 2006Yeo et al, 2003;Miller et al, 2004;Hida et al, 2005). However, in some studies, it is unclear which of the two approaches were used partly because it is not clearly stated but either the early Hamano et al (1983) study or that of Cho (1993) is directly or indirectly cited as the method (Mainstone et al, 1996;Golding et al, 1997;Quevedo et al, 2000;Sorbara et al, 2004;Tamer et al, 2005); both these method papers report that the test was conducted with a closed eye.…”

Schirmer test performed with open and closed eyes: variations in normal individuals

“…It was originally described with open eyes, allowing the patient to blink freely (4,(6)(7)11) . Some authors affirm that the results of the test do not differ when carried out with open or closed eyes (7)(8) . However, most studies do not mention which method was used in the tests (open or closed eyes) (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) and there are no studies comparing both methods.…”

“…Schirmer test (ST) is one of the most used diagnostic tools in evaluating ocular surface status. Other tests like red phenol thread, break-up-time, rose bengal, fluorescein, lissamine green, impression cytology, biochemist analysis of the tear, interferometry, meniscometry and osmolarity measurement are also used (6)(7)(8)(9)(10) .…”

Ocular surface adverse effects of ambient levels of air pollution

“…After 15 seconds, the length of the color change on the thread, indicating the length in millimeters of the thread wetted by the tears. Normal measurements are between 9 mm and 20 mm (42) . Patients with dry eyes have wetting values of less than 9 mm.…”