1,5-anhydroglucitol levels in type 2 diabetic and non-diabetic subjects in Southern Taiwan

Abstract

Purposes: To estimate plasma 1,5-anhydroglucitol (AG) in diabetic (DM) and non-DM patients in a Chinese population, and to compare it with fructosamine, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and fasting glucose (FG) levels. Methods: Case-control study on the significance of AG conducted in a medical center of southern Taiwan, including 356 inpatients (300 non-DM and 56 type 2 DM). Plasma AG, fructosamine, HbA1c and FG were measured on the second day of admission and only those with normal values (except glucose) were enrolled. Glycemic markers of the non-DM patients were examined only once whereas DM patients were sequentially sampled over 3 months. Results: Mean plasma AG levels were lower in DM than in non-DM patients (4.02±2.96 vs 26.68±11.33µg/ml, P<0.001), and lower in non-DM females than males (22.90±9.51 vs 29.45±11.7µg/ml, P<0.05). AG showed a good correlation with FG. Mean plasma AG were inversely correlated with FG, fructosamine and HbA1c in DM patients and worked as well as other glycemic markers in detecting short-term changes in glycemic control. AG levels of DM patients demonstrated no difference with or without smoking, hypertension, micro-and macro-vascular complications. Conclusions: We recommend clinical application of plasma AG in long-standing DM patients for short-term detection and monitoring glycemic condition. Objetivos: Avaliar o 1,5-anidroglucitol (AG) plasmático em pacientes com (DM) e sem (não-DM) diabetes numa população chinesa, e compará-lo à frutosamina, hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c) e glicemia de jejum (GJ). MÈtodos: Estudo caso-controle sobre a significância do AG conduzido em centro médico no sul de Taiwan com 356 pacientes selecionados (300 não-DM e 56 DM2). Os níveis de AG, frutosamina, HbA1c e GJ foram avaliados no 2 o . dia de admissão, e apenas aqueles com resultados normais (exceto GJ) foram incluídos. Esses marcadores foram examinados apenas uma vez nos não-DM, enquanto os DM foram amostrados sequencialmente por 3 meses. Resultados: As concentrações de AG foram mais baixas nos DM do que nos não-DM (4,02±2,96 vs 26,68±11,33µg/ml, P<0,001), e mais baixas nas mulheres do que nos homens não-DM (22,90±9,51 vs 29,45±11,7µg/ml, P<0,05). Houve boa correlação entre AG e GJ. AG plasmático apresentou correlação inversa com a GJ, frutosamina e HbA1c nos pacientes com DM, e mostrou-se tão eficaz quanto outros marcadores na detecção de mudança de curto prazo no controle glicêmico. 1,5-ANHYDROGLUCITOL (AG) IS A six-carbon monosaccharide in 1-deoxy form of glucopyranose. Its 1,5-anhydrohexitol nature was discovered in 1932 and its isomeric structure established in 1943 (1-4). Pitkä-nen (1) first reported on the existence of AG in human plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in diabetic patients in 1975. 1,5-anhydro-D-glucitol, 1-deoxyglucose and 1,5-AG are all synonyms of AG. AG can be found in human CSF and plasma, in rats, and even in soil Pseudomonas (2). The concentration of AG is slightly higher in plasma than in CSF, and higher in males than in females (2).AG is mainly generated fr...

1,5-Anhydroglucitol as a Marker of Acute Hyperglycemia in Cardiovascular Events

“…1,5-AG occurs physiologically in all organs and tissues [ 25 ], and the human body is estimated to contain 500-1000 mg [ 41 ]. Daily intake is about 4.5 mg/day [ 41 ].…”

“…1,5-AG occurs physiologically in all organs and tissues [ 25 ], and the human body is estimated to contain 500-1000 mg [ 41 ]. Daily intake is about 4.5 mg/day [ 41 ]. There is minimal daily fluctuation in concentrations, mainly because 1,5-AG takes part in metabolic processes to a minor extent only, and its intake is similar in quantity to excretion [ 41 ].…”

“…Daily intake is about 4.5 mg/day [ 41 ]. There is minimal daily fluctuation in concentrations, mainly because 1,5-AG takes part in metabolic processes to a minor extent only, and its intake is similar in quantity to excretion [ 41 ]. In healthy subjects, the level of 1,5-AG in serum varies widely (12-40 ug/ml) with higher levels in males than females [ 42 ].…”