Control of the skin scarring response

Abstract

There comes a time when the understanding of the cutaneous healing process becomes essential due to the need for a precocious tissue repair to reduce the physical, social, and psychological morbidity. Advances in the knowledge on the control of interaction among cells, matrix and growth factors will provide more information on the Regenerative Medicine, an emerging area of research in medical bioengineering. However, considering the dynamism and complexity of the cutaneous healing response, it is fundamental to understand the control mechanism exerted by the interaction and synergism of both systems, cutaneous nervous and central nervous, via hypothalamus hypophysis-adrenal axis, a relevant subject, but hardly ever explored. The present study reviews the neuro-immune-endocrine physiology of the skin responsible for its multiple functions and the extreme disturbances of the healing process, like the excess and deficiency of the extracellular matrix deposition.

Development, validation and testing of a human tissue engineered hypertrophic scar model

“…Currently, the model is being further developed to include these immune cells in co-culture with the Htscar model. Also, neuro-endocrine signals (Ferreira et al, 2009) and an angiogenic component have not yet been incorporated in this HTscar model. Also, extensive screening for more parameters, such as increased TGFβ1 (Campaner et al, 2006) or CTGF (Moon et al, 2012), might further improve the model and provide more insight into human HTscar formation.…”

The action of CGRP and SP on cultured skin fibroblasts

“…As a direct consequence, the neurogenic inflammation promotes the release of cytokines and growth factors, inducing extracellular matrix synthesis by fibroblasts in the healing phase. The neurogenic inflammation has a direct modulatory effect on the subsequent phases of the healing process, especially on the proliferative phase [45][46][47].…”

Distribuição de queloide e cicatriz hipertrófica segundo fototipos de pele de Fitzpatrick

“…In the presence of endogenous stress (e.g., inflammatory disease) and environmental stimuli (e.g., ultraviolet rays), melanocytes act as "stress" sensors in the epidermis 12 . Along with epidermal nerve fibers, melanocytes can function as the "cutaneous nervous system" [13][14][15] . This system acts mainly in the skin, controlling inflammation, immunity, functional regulation of cutaneous structures, thermoregulation, homeostasis modulation, and wound healing 11,16 .…”