Germination of spores of Amazonian ferns Polypodium aureum in different culture media

Abstract

The greatest diversity of ferns occurs in the tropics, where approximately three in four of the species are found. In the Brazilian flora, the ferns have megadiversity, being an important plant group. The objective was to evaluate the spores germination of ferns Polypodium aureum in different types of culture medium. The sporangia were removed from fertile fronds and sterilized with sodium hypochlorite 0.57% during 30 minutes. After sterilization, the sporangia were seeded in culture media agar, MS, SH, White and B5. The experimental design was completely randomized being composed of 5 treatments (agar media, B5, SH, White and MS) and 10 replications. The ratings occurred every 3 days over a period of 45 days, counting the number of spores germinated. After this period, the germination percentage, germination time on medium, germination speed index and timing of germination were calculated. The germination percentage and the index of synchronization have not changed in function of different culture media. The medium White presented the highest average for the germination speed index whereas the agar media, MS, SH and B5 had the same germination speeds. The percentage of mortality was higher in MS medium, the White medium presented the lowest percentage of mortality, and the media composed by agar, SH and B5 showed intermediate values. The lowest average germination time occurred at the media SH and B5, since the environment composed by agar showed higher average germination time. The media MS and White showed similar results to the agar, SH and B5. Based on the obtained results, it can be concluded that the White medium is the most effective on the germination of spores of Polypodium aureum.

In vitro spore germination and gametophyte development of two Cyathea species of South America in response to nutrient media

“…The Rodriguésia 74: e00622023. 2023 (Borelli et al 1990;Avila-Pérez et al 2011;Bharati et al 2013;Suo et al 2015;Alves et al 2019;Pu et al 2023) is related to the broad diversity of nutrients in its composition, which includes vitamins, amino acids and essential macronutrient and micronutrient salts for plant development (Rybczyński & Mikuła 2011). However, depending on the physiology of the cultivated species, metabolic processes can be impaired by this nutrient composition (Murashige & Skoog 1962;Sakuta et al 1987;Grattapaglia & Machado 1998) However, in a study carried out with Dicksonia sellowiana Hook.…”

“…Studies aimed at evaluating the influence of nutrient media focus mainly on spore germination and/or sporophyte formation (Avila-Pérez et al 2011;Suo et al 2015;Alves et al 2019;Pu et al 2023), and the development of gametophytes is lacking in discussion. However, the newly germinated spores, with chlorocyte and rhizoid, show fast growth and rapidly develop into gametophytes (Rybczyński & Mikuła 2011), and the gametophytic stage is determinant for the success of fertilization and sporophyte formation.…”

“…So, the source and concentration of nutrients applied depend on the plant species and each culture step (Besson et al 2010;Rybczyński & Mikuła 2011;Suo et al 2015). Culture media commonly used include MS (Murashige & Skoog 1962;Borelli et al 1990), Dyer (Dyer 1979;Gomes et al 2006), Jones (Jones 1987;Borelli et al 1990), Knop (Knop 1865; Chen et al 2008), Knudson (Knudson 1946;Agrawal et al 1993), White (White 1951;Alves et al 2019) and Meyer (Meyer et al 1955;Marcon et al 2015). The latter has been used to investigate the influence of temperature, photoperiod, and pH on C. corcovadensis and C. phalerata (Marcon et al 2014Medeiros et al 2017).…”