Caracterização de acidente vascular cerebral com enfoque em distúrbios da comunicação oral em pacientes de um hospital regional

Abstract

Purpose: To characterize patients with stroke and to establish the prevalence of oral communication disorders (CD) related by cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and the frequency of indication or request of speech therapy. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study from the medical report forms of 95 patients hospitalized for stroke between June 2007 and June 2008 in a regional public hospital. Results: Out of the 95 patients, 51 (53.7%) were male (mean age was 59.8 years old), 48 (59.3%) had a history of hypertension, 82 (86.3%) had ischaemic stroke and CD were present in 53 (55.8%) of patients. The mean hospital stay was 5 days. There was no significant relationship between the type of stroke and CD, or between the site of neurological damage due to stroke and the occurrence of CD. None of the subjects received an evaluation or speech-language therapy during hospitalization, and there were no referrals to healthcare after discharge. Conclusion: More than 50% of individuals affected by stroke had oral communication disorders during the hospitalization. There was no any indication or request for speech therapy in this period, even after discharge. These findings indicate a probable failure to integrate with the speech therapy staff for the treatment of patients with neurological diseases. It is necessary to further evaluate whether this is due absence of speech therapists in the team or just healthcare professionals lacking knowledge about the possibilities of speech therapy along with disturbances in oral communication due to stroke. isquêmico e 53 (55,8%), distúrbios de comunicação oral. O tempo médio de internação foi de cinco dias. Não houve relação significativa entre o tipo de AVC e distúrbio de comunicação oral, tampouco entre o local da lesão neurológica decorrente do AVC e a ocorrência de distúrbio de comunicação oral. Nenhum dos sujeitos recebeu indicação de avaliação ou tratamento fonoaudiológico durante a internação ou na alta. Conclusão: Mais de 50% dos indivíduos acometidos por AVC apresentam distúrbios de comunicação oral durante o período de internação hospitalar. Não houve nenhuma indicação ou solicitação de atendimento fonoaudiológico neste período, tampouco em encaminhamento para atendimento após a alta hospitalar. Estes achados indicam provável falha da inserção fonoaudiológica em equipes que atendem pacientes acometidos por doenças neurológicas, sendo necessário avaliar mais profundamente se isto ocorre devido à ausência do fonoaudiólogo na equipe, ou ao pouco conhecimento dos profissionais sobre a atuação fonoaudiológica junto aos distúrbios de comunicação oral decorrentes de AVC. Keywords

Frequência de afasia e perfil de usuários em hospital público municipal de referência

“…The most common risk factor for stroke identified in the groups was SAH, in line with data from the literature (20,28) showing a high prevalence of this condition. Despite evidence indicating a steady decline in smoking in Brazil (29) , the proportion of smokers in the sample proved high (55.5%).…”

“…Regarding the clinical profile of the group studied, ischemic stroke was the most frequent type, mirroring findings reported in the literature (25)(26)(27)(28) showing this stroke subtype accounts for 70-80% of cases. The CT topodiagnostic findings for brain lesions disclosed a mixed pattern in all groups, involving cortical and/or subcortical lesions in lobes of both left and right hemispheres (Chart 1).…”

Funcionalidade e qualidade de vida em pacientes pós acidente vascular cerebral

“…Discorrendo sobre o estado clínico do indivíduo com AVC, os déficits neurológicos mais frequentes são: paralisia total ou parcial do hemicorpo (hemiparesia e hemiplegia), comprometimento sensorial, cognitivo e no campo visual; hemiplegia contralateral, sendo a principal disfunção motora gerada, fazendo com que 70% dos pacientes ao receber alta hospitalar,saem com problemas relacionados a comunicação verbal e incapacidade funcional, resultando em um decaimento do grau de funcionalidade do indivíduo afetando diretamente o exercício de diversas atividades do cotidiano e de seu autocuidado. (PASSOS, CARDOSO, SCHEEREN 2017, GOULART, ALMEIDA, SILVA, OENNING, LAGN, 2016.…”

Reabilitação pós-AVC: identificação de sinais e sintomas fonoaudiológicos por enfermeiros e médicos da Atenção Primária à Saúde

“…A study on the characterization of speech-language disorders of adult patients hospitalized after a stroke showed that no participant did speech-language therapy during hospitalization, neither were they referred to speech-language therapy after discharge; that suggests that these patients, at best, would receive integral rehabilitation care through the referral from the basic health team (18) . However, with the results obtained in this research, which concluded that 54.5% (n = 12) refer patients to speech-language rehabilitation and 27.3% request specialist orientation support for this professional, it is noticed that this is not the reality for post-stroke patients in Primary Health Care.…”