Drilling, processing and first results for Mount Johns ice core in West Antarctica Ice Sheet

Schwanck, Franciéle; Simões, Jefferson Cárdia; Handley, Michael; Mayewski, Paul Andrew; Bernardo, Ronaldo; Aquino, Francisco Eliseu

doi:10.1590/2317-4889201620150035

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The global analytical uncertainty of the total bulk ionic concentration, calculated using a combination of uncertainties from 12 analytes, is estimated at approximately 1.6%. The calcium median (by ICP-MS), extracted from co-registered data in Schwanck et al (2016b), was chosen to represent this fraction over the ionic balance estimation instead of the Ca 2+ median (by IEC), due to the difference between their analytical consistencies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the drilling and extraction, the visual stratigraphy was described. The methodology for the core collection, processing, and a description of the visual stratigraphy found, as well as the density profile, are described in Schwanck et al (2016b). All sections were packed in polyethylene bags and placed in Styrofoam boxes for transport at temperatures below -15ºC from the field to the Climate Change Institute at the University of Maine, Orono, USA, to be processed according to the continuous melting with discrete sampling (CMDS) methodology described by Osterberg et al (2006).…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The core was fully melted and sub-sampled with a mean stratigraphic resolution of 2.1 cm. ICP-MS and CRDS results have been published elsewhere (Schwanck et al 2016a(Schwanck et al , 2016b. The samples and blanks in polypropylene vials were stored below -15ºC in a cold room, packed for thermic transport and sent ready to be analysed at the Centro Polar e Climático laboratory in Porto Alegre (Brazil), by an ion exchange chromatography (IEC) system described below.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, medians are less susceptible to influence by outliers. Schwanck et al (2016aSchwanck et al ( , 2016b published information on the stratigraphy, physical properties and ICP-MS results for the Mount Johns ice core. Here, we provide co-registered data from the ion chromatography analysis.…”

Section: Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionic content in an ice core from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: 1882-2008 A.D.

et al. 2018

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The study of atmospheric aerosols through polar ice cores is one of the most common and robust tools for the investigation of past changes in the circulation and chemistry of the atmosphere. Only a few subannual resolution records are available for the development of paleochemical and environmental interpretations. Here, we report the ionic content record for the period of 1882-2008 A.D. in an ice core recovered at the ice divide of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The ion concentrations found in the core were determined by ion chromatography on more than 2,000 samples and the basic statistics were calculated for major inorganic and organic ions. The dating of the core layers was based on the seasonality of SO 4 2-, NO 3 -, and Na + , checked by the identification of the Krakatau (1883), Agung (1963) and Pinatubo/Hudson (1991) volcanic eruption signals. Significant aerosol input events were identified and grouped considering the ions present, their provenance and the season. The ionic balance, together with the decomposition of some origin indicators, showed that 36% of the ionic charge is derived from sea salt aerosols, 13% from mineral dust, and 17% from biogenic marine activity, while 34% are mainly products of chemical reactivity in the atmosphere.Isaías Ullmann Thoen et al. Figure 6. Characterization of the ionic content found in the Mount Johns ice core (central West Antarctica). (A) Detailed ionic balance. (B) Ionic decomposition based on sea salt fractions, standard deviations and medians of time series, and major provenance interpretation. A B 863 Brazilian Journal of Geology, 48(4): 853-865, December 2018Isaías Ullmann Thoen et al.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Quality Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ionic content in an ice core from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: 1882-2008 A.D.

et al. 2018

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“…Both sets of trace element samples were subsampled and analyzed at the Climate Change Institute (CCI), University of Maine (USA), so some displacement from this record to the rBC one may occur. The trace elements were analyzed by the CCI Thermo Scientific ELEMENT 2 ICP-SFMS coupled to an ESI model SC-4 autosampler; working conditions and measurement parameters are described in Schwanck et al (2016Schwanck et al ( , 2017.…”

Section: Core Datingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractory Black carbon (rBC) variability in a 47-year West Antarctic Snow and Firn core

Marquetto¹,

Kaspari²,

Simões³

2019

Preprint

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Abstract. Black carbon (BC) is an important climate-forcing agent that affects snow albedo. In this work, we present a record of refractory black carbon (rBC) variability, measured from a 20-meter deep snow and firn core drilled in West Antarctica (79°55'34.6"S, 94°21'13.3"W) during the 2014–2015 austral summer. The core was analyzed using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) coupled to a CETAC Marin-5 nebulizer. Results show a well-defined seasonality with geometric mean concentrations of 0.015 µg L−1 for the wet season (summer/fall) and 0.057 µg L−1 for the dry season (winter/spring). The core was dated to 47 years (1968–2015) using rBC seasonality as the main parameter, along with Na, S and Sr variations. The annual rBC concentration geometric mean was 0.03 µg L−1, the lowest of all rBC cores in Antarctica referenced in this work, while the annual rBC flux was 6.25 µg m−2 a−1, the lowest flux in West Antarctica records so far. No long-term trend was observed. Snow albedo changes in the site due to BC were simulated using SNICAR-online and found to be very low comparing to clean snow (−0.48 %). Fire spots inventory and BC emission estimates from the Southern Hemisphere suggest Australia and Southern Hemisphere South America as the most probable emission sources of BC to the drilling site. Spectral analysis (REDFIT method) of the BC record showed cycles related to the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) but not to El Niño Southern Oscillation ENSO, and comparison with time series of co-registered Na record suggest BC transport to the site not to be related to the intrusion of marine air masses.

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