Variables associated with mouth breathing diagnosis in children based on a multidisciplinary assessment

Abstract

We concluded that a multidisciplinary diagnosis is important, given that each evaluation domain, including OTRL, dental and speech therapy, presented variables associated with MB diagnosis. Body posture and nasal patency variables were not associated with MB.

Conhecimento dos professores sobre a respiração oral antes e após programa de orientação

“…Facial changes in mouth breather are caused due to a number of factors that involve muscle and bone structures. There are studies (14,15,17) that show the pattern of vertical facial growth and the convex face. Altered facial patterns are a common feature and could be seen by most teachers.…”

“…Regarding the possibility of dental alterations (Q6) caused by mouth breathing, 67.3% of teachers answered in the pre-program questionnaire that mouth breathing may cause dental changes, and 97.3% in the post questionnaire, which reveals the effectiveness of the Speech Therapy Orientation Program. Studies have shown that dental occlusion can undergo changes in people who breathe through the mouth, with increased dental overjet, crossed bite, open bite, increased vertical overlap, ogival palate and maxillary atresia (15)(16)(17) . Dental changes are related to a series of consequences of the functions of the stomatognathic system, such as chewing, swallowing and even speech.…”

“…The teachers learnt that, both in the pre-program questionnaire (66%) and in the post-program questionnaire (90%), it is necessary to seek a health professional to help those who breathe through their mouths (Q8), however few spoke of the importance of nasal hygiene, in the pre-questionnaire (2.0%) and in the post-questionnaire (2.7%). It is known that early intervention is essential to reduce the long-term consequences caused by mouth breathing, and referral to professionals trained in treatment is essential (13,(15)(16)(17) , and that nasal hygiene significantly changes the size of the nasal area, allowing for an improvement in the passage of air through the nose (12) .…”

“…Mouth breathing can result in a series of consequences for the individual, from structural changes to behavioral changes, early diagnosis and intervention are crucial (12,13) . Structural changes may include, mouth breathing which can cause craniofacial, dental (14)(15)(16)(17)(18) , orofacial musculature (17) and postural changes (19) . These changes can result in changes in the stomatognathic system, affecting chewing (20,21) , speech (22) and swallowing (23) .…”

Effects of mouth breathing on facial skeletal development and malocclusion in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

“…Mouth breathing may due to genetic factors, poor oral habits, or nasal obstruction, including but not limited to adenoid/tonsil hypertrophy, nasal polyps, nasal septum deviation, turbinate hypertrophy, or sinusitis. [1][2][3][4][5][6]. In addition, mouth breathing may be related to respiratory allergies, climatic conditions, a poor sleeping position, breastfeeding [7].…”