Parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e sua relação com a idade gestacional e nível de habilidade de alimentação oral de recém-nascido pré-termo

Abstract

Differences were observed between pre- and post-prandial cardiorespiratory rates regarding the first oral feeding, as well as between strata of gestational age at birth and levels of oral feeding skills.

Impacto da intervenção fonoaudiológica na introdução de dieta via oral em recém-nascidos de risco

“…Regarding the need to use the enteral tube, both G1 and G2 were composed of PTNBs, however, G1's NBs had a lower GAB median than G2's, showing that the most extreme prematurity was related to the lack of coordination of SSB, being the probable indication for use of enteral tube in G1, as a feeding route (19) . It is worth mentioning that both groups had similar CGA medians to start OD, demonstrating readiness to start feeding by OD at an early age, as indicated in the literature (3,6) . Although the population of the groups was mostly composed of low weight NBs, there was a difference between G1 and G2 in terms of birthweight, always with lower median values in G1, when compared to G2, agreeing with studies that demonstrated that the enteral tube is used in NBs with lower weights (18,24) .…”

“…It is important to highlight that PTNBs may present oral disorders that negatively influence the breastfeeding process (1,6) . In these cases, in which breastfeeding is not possible, it is only after the speech therapy intervention and investment of the whole team, and all possible techniques are exhausted, that the multidisciplinary team will define the best form of feeding for the NB, whether it is a tube enteral, cup or bottle (24) .…”

“…The preterm newborn (PTNB) may present conditions that interfere with oral motor skills, such as physiological and neurological immaturity, respiratory disorders, muscle hypotonia and minimized oral reflexes (1,6) . Thus, to establish a safe OD satisfactory clinical conditions and the adequacy of the organs of the stomatognathic system must be considered (2,3) , with coordination of suction, swallowing and breathing (SSB) functions (1,3,(6)(7)(8) .…”

“…It is considered important to promote the adequacy of the stomatognathic system of the PTNB (2,8,9) , with establishing SBB coordination (1,3,(6)(7)(8) . This coordination occurs in the 34th week of corrected gestational age (CGA), or even earlier, from the 32nd week onwards, if the alertness behavioral state for breastfeeding readiness is present, being important the Speech Therapy intervention (3,6,8,10) .…”

“…However, when it is not feasible to establish the OD feeding directly in the mother's breast, other forms of diet offerings, such as the cup and the bottle, have been considered (15) . Regardless of the route of supply, in addition to the stable clinical parameters (6) , presenting an exclusive and safe OD is an important criteria at the time of hospital discharge (14) .…”