Measures of cognitive reserve in Alzheimer's disease

Abstract

This study found an association between CR measures and education, occupation and participation in leisure activities. The CRQ seems to be a suitable instrument to measure CR in Portuguese populations.

Measuring Cognitive Reserve (CR) – A systematic review of measurement properties of CR questionnaires for the adult population

“…There was good evidence on the structural validity and internal consistency of the CRQ. Two studies performed exploratory factor analysis for the assessment of the dimensionality of the CRQ, one using the Portuguese version in a population of probable AD patients [56] and the other using the Spanish version in a population of patients under addiction treatment [44]. In both cases, the factor analysis and by root mean square residual supported the unidimensionality of the CRQ, which was a good indicator of the quality of the adjustment (comparative fit index = 0.99 and 0.96 respectively) (RMSR = 0.05 and RMSR = 0.07 respectively) [44,56].…”

“…Two studies performed exploratory factor analysis for the assessment of the dimensionality of the CRQ, one using the Portuguese version in a population of probable AD patients [56] and the other using the Spanish version in a population of patients under addiction treatment [44]. In both cases, the factor analysis and by root mean square residual supported the unidimensionality of the CRQ, which was a good indicator of the quality of the adjustment (comparative fit index = 0.99 and 0.96 respectively) (RMSR = 0.05 and RMSR = 0.07 respectively) [44,56]. The Spanish version showed excellent internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.96 [44] and the Portuguese version of the CRQ showed good internal consistency with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.80 [56].…”

Mediatory effect of depression in the relations between cognitive reserve and cognitive abilities. Does a CR index matter?

“…18 years of age (Nucci et al, 2012) or "prior to the illness" in the case of subjects with dementia (Sobral, Pestana, & Paúl, 2014). Varied approaches are used in describing isolated CR factors.…”

Cognitive reserve and dementia A scientometric review

“…, 5 - 7 CR is not fixed and continues to evolve throughout the lifespan 67 CR is not measured directly8 and the variables that pertain to lifetime experience, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, are the most commonly used proxies for CR 26 , 8 - 10 These variables help the individual retain cognitive function in old age 11.…”

“…, 7 CR is not measured directly8 and the variables that pertain to lifetime experience, such as education, occupation, and leisure activities, are the most commonly used proxies for CR 26 , 8 - 10 These variables help the individual retain cognitive function in old age 11. Some studies have shown that the risk of developing AD is reduced in individuals with higher levels of education,5 , 12 - 16 occupational attainment5 , 17 - 21 and participation in leisure activities 5…”