Heterogeneidade na estrutura e diversidade de árvores de cabrucas no centro-sul do Estado da Bahia, Brasil

Abstract

-(Tree heterogeneity and diversity in cabrucas in central South of Bahia State, Brazil). The contribution of managed ecosystems for biodiversity conservation has been highlighted by recent studies. Tree species diversity was investigated in Cabruca (a traditional agroforest with cocoa and native trees) of ten cocoa farms in central-Southern Bahia state to quantify the remnant tree diversity and to verify if it is influenced by the size of the farm and the size of the Cabruca. A total of 273 trees, 55 trees species and 20 plant families were recorded. From these, 89% of plant species and 73% of trees were native species. In average, 23 to 60 tree species and 40 to 236 individuals per hectare were registered. The Shannon-Wiener (H') index varied from 1.3 to 2.5. The mixture coefficient of Jentsch (QM) obtained was two individuals per species. A high heterogeneity was observed among the Cabrucas studied. Tree diversity was not correlated, however, with the total area of the farms or the area of Cabruca on the farms. Our results indicate that Cabruca are variable in tree density and diversity. Additionally, management performed by cocoa farm owners is the main factor that influences the tree community attributes in this agroforestry. Keywords: Agroforestry systems, Atlantic forest, cocoa tree, managed ecosystem, native species RESUMO -(Heterogeneidade na estrutura e diversidade de árvores de cabrucas no centro-sul do Estado da Bahia, Brasil). O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a diversidade arbórea de cabrucas de fazendas produtoras de cacau no centro-sul da Bahia e verificar se fatores como as áreas das propriedades e das cabrucas influenciam as comunidades arbóreas remanescentes. Foram encontrados 273 indivíduos, pertencentes a 55 espécies e 20 famílias, sendo que 89% das espécies e 73% dos indivíduos são nativos da região. Em média, por hectare, foram registrados 23 a 60 espécies arbóreas e 40 a 236 indivíduos. O índice de Shannon-Wiener (H') variou de 1,3 a 2,5 e o quociente de mistura de Jenstch resultou em uma proporção de dois indivíduos para cada espécie. As cabrucas estudadas apresentaram alta heterogeneidade. Contudo, a diversidade arbórea não foi correlacionada com a área total e nem com a área de cabruca nas propriedades. Nossos resultados indicam que as cabrucas são muito variáveis em densidade e diversidade e que o sistema de manejo realizado pelos proprietários das fazendas parece ser o fator que mais influencia os atributos da comunidade arbórea nestas agroflorestas.

Climatic characterization and evaluation of the need for supplementary irrigation for cacao in southern Bahia, Brazil

“…However, in the cacao system of production that prevailed in the southern part of the state, winds are not usually a problem for crop development. Cacao trees are grown in a system commonly called cabruca, where they are planted under large trees remnant of the Atlantic Forest, and these large trees act as natural windbreaks (Guimarães et al, 2017).…”

Checklist of marine macroalgae in two contiguous Marine Protected Areas in the south-western Atlantic

“…On the Espírito Santo coast, temperatures range from 25 to 28ºC in the summer and from 22.5 to 24.5ºC in the winter ( Instituto Estadual de Meio Ambiente e Recursos Hídricos 2014 ). Upwelling associated to the intrusion of the South Atlantic Central Water impacts the ESCS, lowering the temperature during short periods between October and March ( Guimarães 2003 ).…”

“…The Espírito Santo State (ES) encompasses one of Brazil's highest species richness of marine macroalgae, with records of about 400 species ( Guimarães 2003 , Flora e Funga do Brasil 2023 ). Its shoreline is composed of beaches, bays, inlets, mangroves, estuaries and lateritic reefs, while its continental shelf harbours a variety of sedimented bottom and rhodolith beds ( Bastos et al 2015 , Quaresma et al 2015 ), both punctuated by biogenic reefs and other mesoscale benthic features ( Holz et al 2020 , Oliveira et al 2023 ).…”

“…Its shoreline is composed of beaches, bays, inlets, mangroves, estuaries and lateritic reefs, while its continental shelf harbours a variety of sedimented bottom and rhodolith beds ( Bastos et al 2015 , Quaresma et al 2015 ), both punctuated by biogenic reefs and other mesoscale benthic features ( Holz et al 2020 , Oliveira et al 2023 ). The diversity of structurally complex hard bottom habitats contributes to the great intertidal and subtidal diversity of algae ( Guimarães 2003 , Amado-Filho et al 2010 , Holz et al 2020 ). Moreover, the study region is situated in a transitional zone between the tropical and warm temperate phycogeographical provinces ( Horta et al 2001 ), allowing for the co-occurrence of species with affinities for both warm and cold waters ( Horta et al 2001 ).…”

Can an exotic tree (Jackfruit, Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) influence the non-volant small mammals assemblage in a protected area of Atlantic Forest?

“…The jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is one of the most common exotic plant species in Brazil (Freitas et al 2017, Guimarães et al 2017, Sartori et al 2018 and is native to Asian tropical forests; it grows well in humid climates and soils, reaching up to 20 m in height (Elevitch & Manner 2006, Khan et al 2010, Lider Agronomia 2012, Saxena et al 2011. In Brazil, this plant species produces fruits all year long, with higher maturation period between October and April, and a single tree produces on average 50 fruits per year, each fruit with a mass of 3-10 kg (Elevitch & Manner 2006, Khan et al 2010, Lider Agronomia 2012, Saxena et al 2011.…”