Phenology of Copernicia alba in Flooded and Not Flooded Environments

Abstract

The objective of this study is to describe the reproductive and vegetative phenological patterns of individuals of Copernicia alba, popularly known as "carandá," in two areas of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso and to test the relations between their phenophases and climatic seasonality. We obtained the phenological aspects of the carandá through a biweekly observation of 22 individuals from two areas of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso between August 2015 and August 2017. The carandá population presented a perennial behavior, flowering during the dry season and greater leaf intensity in the transition period to the rainy season. Budding, although continuous, was intense in the rainy season, and the leaf deciduous pattern had a direct interference from the absence of rainfalls in the dry period. The incidence of floral buds occurred in the dry period, and the flowering occurred between the dry and rainy periods. The fruiting period occurred in the rainy season, indicating a high synchronism of phenophases.

Environmental and Plant Variables Influence Dalbergia nigra (Fabaceae) Phenology - Implications for Seed Production

“…D. nigra also showed continuous leaf fall in individuals, with almost no variations between subpopulations, but with low intensity from November to April, months in which the lowest rainfall, a mechanism for water saving in plants where low moisture levels encourage leaf abscission to minimize the area of transpiration (Vilela et al, 2008;Toledo et al, 2012;Araújo et al, 2020). Pontara et al (2016), studying D. nigra in a topographical gradient in the Atlantic Forest, observed new leaf buds at the beginning of the rainy season and leaf fall at the beginning of the dry season.…”

Morphological-anatomical and chemical features of Copernicia alba fruits and seeds, a palm from Brazilian Pantanal

“…In Brazil, this species is regionally known as carandá and is widely distributed in wetlands, in large monodominant formations along the Paraguay River known as carandazais [8]. The estimated carandá area in the Pantanal vegetation is 2.3%, the second most representative monotypic formation [9].…”

Comparing Data Collection Methods in Phenological Evaluations of Himatanthus drasticus

“…A wide variety of methods for data collection, evaluation, and analysis have been employed to examine the synchrony and intensity of plant phenological events using qualitative, semi-quantitative, and quantitative methods (Bencke & Morellato, 2002;Morellato et al, 2010a, Alexander & Woeste, 2016. Semi-quantitative approaches establish predefined scales without the use of exact measurements (Fournier, 1974;Pugas et al, 2018;Araujo & Lobo 2020) or percentages of canopy cover (Lenza & Klink, 2006). Intensity analyses, on the other hand, are measured or estimated (Bencke & Morellato, 2002;Castro-Díez et al, 2003), and most evaluations of synchrony have been based on qualitative data (Augspurger, 1983;Bolmgren, 1998;Bencke & Morellato, 2002;Morellato et al, 2010b;Baldauf et al, 2014;Rodriguez-Pérez & Traveset 2016;Andreacci et al, 2017;Araujo & Lobo 2020;Rosa et al, 2020).…”

“…Semi-quantitative approaches establish predefined scales without the use of exact measurements (Fournier, 1974;Pugas et al, 2018;Araujo & Lobo 2020) or percentages of canopy cover (Lenza & Klink, 2006). Intensity analyses, on the other hand, are measured or estimated (Bencke & Morellato, 2002;Castro-Díez et al, 2003), and most evaluations of synchrony have been based on qualitative data (Augspurger, 1983;Bolmgren, 1998;Bencke & Morellato, 2002;Morellato et al, 2010b;Baldauf et al, 2014;Rodriguez-Pérez & Traveset 2016;Andreacci et al, 2017;Araujo & Lobo 2020;Rosa et al, 2020). New techniques have used both semi-quantitative and quantitative data (Freitas & Bolmgren, 2008;Valverde et al, 2016).…”