Compactação de um Solo Submetido ao Tráfego do Harvester e do Forwarder na Colheita de Madeira

Abstract

RESUMOEste trabalho avaliou a compactação do solo submetido ao tráfego do harvester e do forwarder na colheita de madeira em povoamentos de Pinus taeda L. Os dados foram coletados em uma empresa florestal localizada no município de Campo do Tenente, estado do Paraná. A avaliação da compactação foi feita por meio dos parâmetros físicos densidade do solo, porosidade total, porosidade de aeração e resistência do solo à penetração em três níveis de profundidades: 0 a 15 cm, 15 a 30 cm e 30 a 50 cm. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey ao nível de 95% de probabilidade. O tráfego das máquinas provocou uma maior compactação nas camadas superficiais do solo, sendo que após o tráfego do forwarder houve um aumento no incremento da resistência do solo à penetração, em relação à testemunha, da ordem de 151,4%, com valor médio de 1,76 Mpa. Não houve diferença estatística significativa nas propriedades do solo devido ao tráfego das máquinas de colheita no sistema de toras curtas.Palavras-chave: máquinas florestais, compactação, meio ambiente. Compaction of a Soil Subjected to the Traffic of Harvesters and Forwarders During Wood Harvesting ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the compaction of a soil submitted to the traffic of wood harvesting machines in Pinus taeda L. stands. The data were obtained from a forest company located in the municipality of Campo do Tenente, Parana state, Brazil. Soil compaction was evaluated by determining the following physical parameters: bulk density, particle density, total porosity, aeration porosity, and soil penetration resistance at three depths: 0 to 15, 15 to 30, and 30 to 50 cm. The data were submitted to analysis of variance, and means were compared by the Tukey test at 5% probability level. The results show that the traffic of forest machines caused greater compaction in the soil surface layers after the traffic of forwarders, with an increase of 151.4% in the increment of soil penetration resistance compared with the control, with a mean value of 1.76 MPa. We conclude that there are no statistically significant differences in soil properties due to machine traffic in the cut-to-length system.

Effect of Traffic Intensities of a Directional Feller and Skidder on the Compaction of a Bruno Nitisol

“…Soil density under the no-traffi c condition ( Figure 1) increased with soil depth. Such observations were also reported by Lopes et al (2015), who claimed that increasing density at greater soil depths is a natural trend due to the lower amount of organic matter when compared to the surface layers, and the lowest values of soil density observed in the superfi cial layers of the soil may be related to the biological activities and the natural process of wetting and drying, constituting factors which favor reduced soil compaction.…”

“…This is caused by the absence of residual biomass resulting from wood processing; however, it has a lower operating cost. The second is composed of a harvester and forwarder, which has a lower impact on the soil due to low biomass exports; however, it has higher operating costs (Lopes et al, 2015).…”

Soil compaction during harvest operations in five tropical soils with different textures under eucalyptus forests

“…The susceptibility of soils to compaction and the extent of soil compaction can be evaluated with different properties of the soil, such as bulk density, porosity, penetration resistance, hydraulic conductivity (Ampoorter et al, 2010;Silva et al, 2011;Moreira et al, 2012;Braga et al, 2013;Lopes et al, 2015;Silva et al, 2016), and more recently, the precompression stress (Araujo-Junior et al, 2011;Figueiredo et al, 2011;Pacheco;Cantalice, 2011;Ajayi et al, 2013). Precompression stress is generally considered as (a) an indicator of the soil mechanical strength (Ajayi et al, 2013); (b) the maximum pressure that should be applied to the soil to prevent compaction (Severiano et al, 2010;Araujo-Junior et al, 2011), and (c) the required pressure by the root system to enable the root elongation (Iori et al, 2013).…”

Produtividade Do Feijoeiro E a Relação Com a Condutividade Hidráulica Saturada

“…Os valores de alcance do modelo ajustado aos semivariogramas apresentaram-se na mesma ordem de grandeza das variáveis da planta, no valor de 2,56 m para K e 3,21 m para Ds, valores de alcance bem menores em relação aos trabalhos de SCHERPINSKI et al 2010 2017, os valores de alcance para as variáveis K e Ds foram próximos aos que se encontraram no presente trabalho, com o valor de 2,78 e 1,54 m, respectivamente. As variações da estrutura de dependência espacial das duas variáveis em questão em diferentes escalas espaciais são esperadas, uma vez que K apresenta relações funcionais com densidade do solo (ALAGNA et al, 2018), granulometria do solo (ZIEBA, 2017), macroporos (NETO et al, 2017), continuidade de poros (SCHOLL et al, 2014) e Ds, com a compactação do solo gerada pelo movimento de maquinários (LOPES et al, 2015).…”