Espécies da Caatinga como alternativa para o desenvolvimento de novos fitofármacos

Abstract

RESUMOGrande parte do semiárido brasileiro encontra-se em avançado processo de degradação e poucos estudos direcionam seu desenvolvimento em consonância com essa realidade. Diante deste contexto, foi realizado um levantamento etnobotânico, a fim de subsidiar pesquisas sobre fitofármacos ocorrentes em espécies da Caatinga. Para tal, foram aplicados questionários a 256 famílias, visando a documentar o conhecimento local referente às espécies arbustivo-arbóreas utilizadas como medicinais pela população rural do município de Monteiro-PB. Procurou-se, por meio do levantamento florístico de um fragmento florestal, com aproximadamente 30 anos de conservação, verificar a distribuição das espécies citadas nas entrevistas. Constataram-se 37 espécies identificadas no fragmento florestal avaliado e 38 no levantamento etnobotânico, com 14 espécies em comum entre os levantamentos. As espécies Myracrodruon urundeuva, Sideroxylon obtusifolium, Amburana cearensis, Triplaris gardneriana, Anadenanthera colubrina, Hymenaea courbaril e Bauhinia cheilantha apresentaram-se promissoras para pesquisas voltadas à obtenção de fitofármacos.Palavras-chave: riqueza florística, etnobotânica, fitoterápicos. Caatinga Species as an Alternative to the Development of New Phytochemicals ABSTRACTMuch of the Brazilian semiarid region is in advanced stage of degradation, and few studies direct their development in line with this reality. In this work, we carried out an ethnobotanical survey comprising 256 families. The survey aimed to identify the species used in traditional medicine by the population of the municipality of Monteiro, Paraiba state. A floristic inventory of all species was conducted in a forest fragment with 30 years of conservation in order to identify the availability of the species that are most used by the local population. Thirty-eight species were identified in the ethnobotanical survey and 37 in the forest fragment; of these, 14 were common to both groups. Myracrodruon urundeuva, Sideroxylon obtusifolium, Amburana cearensis Triplaris gardneriana, Anadenanthera colubrina, Hymenaea courbaril, and Bauhinia cheilantha were identified as the most potential species for research on phytochemicals.

Evaluation of cytogenotoxicity, antioxidant and hypoglycemiant activities of isolate compounds from Mansoa hirsuta D.C. (Bignoniaceae)

“…Another unique biome in South America is the Caatinga (dry bushlands) distributed exclusively through semiarid region in northeastern and a small part of southeastern Brazil. Caatinga is characterized by a high number of endemic species of therapeutic value for local populations (Nogueira et al 2010, Pereira Júnior et al 2014.…”

Medicinal Plants: versatility and concordance of use in the caatinga area, Northeastern Brazil

“…Other species indicated for respiratory problems (flu) were Amburana cearenses, Cissampelos sympodialis and Lippia microphylla. Amburana cearenses is generally used for the treatment of influenza, cough and sinusitis (Agra et al 2007, Marinho et al 2011, Pereira Júnior et al 2014, Silva and Freire 2010. This species already has a bronchodilator effect as confirmed by Leal et al 2000, which confirms its efficacy for respiratory diseases.…”

Biocultural behavior and traditional practices on the use of species of Euphorbiaceae in rural home gardens of the Semiarid Region of Piauí State (NE, Brazil)

“…In general, the species of this family are considered important because of their use and economic potential for human food and medicine, practices derived mainly from the traditional knowledge of local populations (Trindade and Lamera 2014). The prevalence of the Euphorbiaceae family is also highlighted by ethnobotanical studies developed in the Brazilian Semiarid Region (Cartaxo et al 2010, Pereira Júnior et al 2014, Silva et al 2015a. Historically this region has been poorly studied, despite the biocultural richness associated with its biodiversity (Albuquerque et al 2007).…”