Roteiros de sexualidade construídos por enfermeiros e a interface com a atenção em infecções sexualmente transmissíveis/HIV

Abstract

Objective: To understand the routines of sexuality constructed by nurses and the interface with attention in STI/HIV in primary health care. Method: Qualitative study, anchored in the theory of sexual scripts. A total of 35 in-depth interviews were conducted with nurses from the Family Health Strategy between May and August 2017. The material was organized using MAXQDA Standard 12® software and was submitted to Structural Analysis of Narration and content. Results: The analysis of participants' trajectories allowed the construction of three categories: sexuality scripts in childhood and adolescence; scripts of sexuality in formation; sexuality scripts and STI/HIV care. Conclusion and implications for practice: Sexuality scripts are marked by stereotypes, constructed throughout life, and result in obstacles to STI/HIV prevention practices. It was pointed out the need for investments in vocational training processes that focus on the paradigm shift in health and consider the cultural constructions that hinder the insertion of sexuality into care practices, with emphasis on preventive actions in STI/HIV.

A sexualidade feminina na consulta de enfermagem: potencialidades e limites

“…Além disso, a falta de educação sexual nas escolas e na conjuntura familiar, são tidas como uma das causas prováveis do pouco conhecimento acerca da sexualidade. [17][18] Considera-se que a enfermagem pode colaborar para eliminar alguns mitos relacionados à sexualidade, todavia, estes profissionais muitas vezes não se sentem preparados para lidar com o assunto. Nesse sentido, é válido haver atividades, programas e orientações sobre educação sexual nos vários cenários sociais e educacionais, para que este tema seja discutido de forma natural, perante a sociedade.…”

Transcultural theory in nursing care of women with infections

“…This action requires the use of professionals' specific knowledge, as well as adjustments to nursing care based on recognized cultural factors. Thus, the competence of nurses in STIs care and in including sexuality in care practices points to the need for investment in professional education processes that break with learning by stereotype, incorporate a change in the health paradigm and consider, above all, the cultural constructions and vulnerabilities of users (11) . Training should also be based on effective communication and practices involving the different actors in the planning of actions, in the prevention of errors and damages; and from the perspective of the safe care practice (31) .…”

“…The difficulties shown in nurses' approach to sexuality were identified in the scripts constructed during sexuality in childhood/adolescence, in the training process and the sexuality-care interface. These stereotypes and obstacles are interwoven with counseling when they are limited to guidelines on STI/HIV prevention practices, given the reduced number of access of these users to the health service (11)(12) .…”

“…We highlight that sociocultural factors influence the acquisition of knowledge about STIs, having significant implications for prevention, treatment, and stigmatization of the disease, especially in older age groups (13) . Therefore, there is a need for considering cultural constructions in professional training (11) and for these constructions implying quality in prioritizing the care of cases, depicting more significant preparation and security in communicating the exam results, confidentiality, and privacy (12) . Thus, it is essential to value the contexts of this assisted population, especially women with STIs who daily seek care in Primary Health Care.…”

Análise da assistência em infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na atenção primária

“…Observa-se que a organização dos serviços de saúde e as práticas de cuidado frente às IST são pautadas de forma discrepante em razão do sexo biológico (Costa-Júnior, et al, 2016). Dessa forma, o acesso restrito ao serviço de saúde e a preocupação diferenciada com a população resulta, por exemplo, em invisibilidade das identidades masculinas e femininas quando se trata das IST (Santos, et al, 2019).…”