Communication of nursing students in listening to patients in a psychiatric hospital

Abstract

A comunicação do estudante de enfermagem na escuta de pacientes em hospital psiquiátrico Comunicación del estudiante de enfermería en la escucha de pacientes en hospital psiquiátrico AbstrActQualitative exploratory and descriptive study with the aim of analyzing the communication of nursing students in the listening to patients in mental suffering admitted in a psychiatric hospital. The study was carried out from April to May 2013, with 23 nursing students regularly enrolled in a public higher education institution in the Southeast of Brazil. The data were collected based on artistic production and interviews, analyzed and categorized according to their thematic content. Proxemic nonverbal communication was unanimously indicated by the students based on personal-body position of face, neck, and, shoulders adopted in the listening to patients in mental suffering. The conscious use of proxemics favored clinical reasoning, improving interaction and listening in speech and thought disorders. Attentive, effective, and affective listening demands availability, control of fear, tension, anxiety, and insecurity. Os dados foram coletados a partir de produção artística e entrevista, e analisados e categorizados segundo conteúdo temático.A comunicação não verbal proxêmica foi unanimemente apontada pelos estudantes a partir da posição pessoal-corporal do rosto, pescoço e ombros, adotada na escuta dos pacientes em sofrimento psíquico. O uso consciente da proxemia favoreceu o raciocínio clínico, melhorando a interação e a escuta nas desordens da fala e do pensamento. Uma escuta atenta, efetiva e afetiva demanda disponibilidade, controle do medo, da tensão, da ansiedade e da insegurança. Palavras-chave:Educação em enfermagem; Comunicação; Estudantes de enfermagem; Saúde mental; Cuidados de enfermagem. resumenInvestigación cualitativa, exploratoria y descriptiva, con el objetivo de analizar la comunicación del estudiante de enfermería en la escucha de pacientes con sufrimiento psíquico internados en hospital psiquiátrico. Realizada entre abril y mayo de 2013, con 23 estudiantes de enfermería con matrícula regular en institución pública de Enseñanza Superior de la región Sudeste de Brasil. Datos recolectados a partir de producción artística y entrevista, y analizados y categorizados por contenido temático. La comunicación no verbal proxémica fue unánimemente señalada por los estudiantes a partir de la posición personal-corporal del rostro, cuello y hombros adoptada en la escucha de pacientes con sufrimiento psíquico. El uso consciente de la proxemia facilitó el razonamiento clínico, mejorando la interacción y la escucha en desórdenes del habla y del pensamiento. Una escucha atenta, efectiva y afectiva demanda disponibilidad, control del temor, la tensión, la ansiedad y la inseguridad.

Nursing students’ sense perception of communication in psychiatric hospital

“…Communication from the heart sense was pointed out as showing at every moment the feelings and sensibilities of others, favoring perceptions, attention, affection, gratitude, constant desire to want to help, empathy, fear, and the provision of a care of hygiene and comfort (8) .…”

“…The smelling was pointed out by the nursing student as meaning nothing silent/noisy, for being the most direct of the senses of the body, whose sensory effects are immediate. And although the perfume is a revealing of care, and the bad odors that generate repulsion, both can alter the interaction between people, increase detachment and direct physical contact, significantly interfering with the patient's daily personal hygiene (3,8) .…”

“…Bad odors may indicate that something is wrong with the person, either due to lack of hygiene or significant physical alterations of a disease, thus requiring intervention (3,8) . Here, the bad odors were attributed by nursing students to the demands of hygiene care, and reported to self-care, self-esteem, self-concept, hopelessness, human dignity, and body and self-care.…”

“…The vision was described by nursing students as the matrix that attributes special meaning to the content of the perception of immediate communication, which generates behaviors capable of altering interaction and care (8) . Touching through the gaze is a form of communication to the lack and limitation, through spontaneity, expressiveness and affectivity (3) .…”

Psychiatric nursing and mental health teaching in relation to Brazilian curriculum

“…However, there are considerations regarding the difficulty of training for psychosocial care (22) . In the same sense, professors are expected to provide the students with devices that enable the development of creativity, therapeutic communication, empathy and interpersonal relationship with the patient, team, family and community (13,46) .…”