Aims To develop a model illustrating the factors that can influence care needs in daily living (CNDL) of older adults and the pathways between these. Background The care needs in community‐dwelling older adults have increased sharply. A better understanding of the elderly's CNDL would thus help policymakers define which types of support and services should be given. Methods A multicentre study with structural equation modelling was conducted in this study. We recruited 3,448 community‐dwelling older adults in China by using a stratified random cluster sampling technique. Results Physical and mental health was the strongest predictor of CNDL. Both age and living situation had positive effects on CNDL, while economic factors, social support and family support were the major risk factors for CNDL. Conclusion The presented model provides a better understanding of how to address CNDL in the targeted population. The older adults who are the oldest, low‐income, non‐empty nesters, and with poor self‐rated health or the signs of loneliness should be firstly targeted for daily assistance. Implications for Nursing Management Using this model could provide health authorities and managers with the information of distinguishing between the priority group and the strategies for easing the caregiving burden in older adults care, and thus improving resource utilization.
Aims and objectivesTo develop and validate the Chinese version of Verbal and Social Interaction Questionnaire for Nursing Students.BackgroundThe development of caring interaction skills is particularly important for achieving better nursing student–patient interactions. Nursing students in China, as in most countries, have often failed to establish a caring interaction with their patients. There is a lack of instruments to explore the difficulties and problems in nursing student–patient interactions in China.DesignA descriptive, cross‐sectional survey was carried out.MethodsData for cross‐cultural adaptation and psychometric testing purposes were collected between May 10, 2017 and November 11, 2017. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed; pilot testing, content validity and reliability were assessed for the translated questionnaire. EQUATOR guidelines for observational studies (strengthening the reporting of observational studies in epidemiology) were applied.Results716 nursing students from four universities in China completed the questionnaire. A pilot testing (n = 32) was conducted at a university hospital. The internal consistency reliability and the intra‐class correlation coefficients were satisfactory. The overall content validity index was 0.95. Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a four‐factor solution, explaining 61.26% of the variance, and the items had factor loadings ranging from 0.46–0.82. The final model's fit indexes were relatively acceptable. Overall, this instrument demonstrated sound psychometric properties.ConclusionThe Chinese version of Verbal and Social Interaction Questionnaire for Nursing Students has a high level of reliability and acceptable content validity. However, some values in the construct validity assessment were lower than was hypothesised, suggesting a need for further model modification.Relevance to clinical practiceThis easy‐to‐use instrument may help nursing educators, clinicians and managers in the assessment and development of students’ interactional skills during their training or student–nurse transition period. Using the questionnaire could both provide the students with a greater understanding of caring interactions and help the nursing educators gain a better comprehension of the students’ verbal, social and interactional skills.
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