Reliability of overbite depth indicator (ODI) and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI) in the assessment of different vertical and sagittal dental malocclusions: a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Differential diagnosis of skeletal and dental relationships is crucial for planning orthodontic treatment. Overbite depth indicator (ODI) and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator (APDI) had been introduced in the past for assessment of vertical and sagittal jaw relationships, respectively. Objective: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the reliability of ODI and APDI in overbite and Angle malocclusions, as well as assess their diagnostic reliability among males and females of different age groups. Material and Methods: This study was conducted using pretreatment dental casts and lateral cephalograms of 90 subjects. For ODI, subjects were divided into three groups based on overbite (normal overbite, open bite and deep bite). Likewise, the same subjects were divided for APDI into three groups, based on Angle's malocclusion classification (dental Class I, II and III malocclusions). Mann-Whitney U test was applied for comparison of study parameters regarding sex and different age groups. The mean values of ODI and APDI were compared among study groups by means of Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc Dunnet T3 tests. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to test diagnostic reliability. Results: Insignificant differences were found for ODI and APDI angles, particularly in regards to sex and age. Significant intergroup differences were found in different overbite groups and Angle's classification for ODI and APDI, respectively (p < 0.001). ROC showed 91% and 88% constancy with dental pattern in ODI and APDI, respectively. Conclusions: ODI can reliably differentiate deep bite versus normal overbite and deep bite versus open bite. APDI can reliably differentiate dental Class I, II and III malocclusions.

Efficiency of ODI and APDI of Kim’s cephalometric analysis in a Latin American population with skeletal open bite

“…Similar results were found by different investigators 9 15 , 21 , 23 , 25 , 26 Meanwhile, as expected, the skeletal open bite Class I group and the balanced group did not present statistically significant differences for APDI values.…”

“…In this regard, the present research clearly shows different ODI values ​​between the balanced group (higher values) and skeletal open bite groups (lower values), independently of the malocclusion, as found by other authors 4 6 , 7 , 9 , 21 Moreover, the ODI values ​​found in the present study were smaller than 68 o for the skeletal open bite groups. This result corroborates Kim proposal, 4 , 6 which suggests that this measure was diminished on skeletal open bites.…”

“…This demonstrates that the ODI value is a reliable indicator for the diagnosis of vertical problems, as several investigators verified in other populations 4 6 - 10 , 12 , 14 , 15 , 21 , 24 On the other hand, the APDI is also considered an excellent parameter for the anteroposterior malocclusions evaluation 11 13 , 25 , 26 In the present research, APDI values ​​for the balanced group were slightly higher in relation to the values ​​found by Kim and Vietas 5 .…”

“…The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of Kim’s cephalometric analysis on the differential diagnosis of Class I, Class II and Class III malocclusions with skeletal open bite, and to verify how affected these individuals were in relation to a balanced group. At present, several studies have been carried out on Caucasian, 7 , 9 , 10 Asian, 4 - 6 , 11 , 12 Pakistani, 21 Iraqis, 22 African American, 8 and even Latin American populations 13 15 In these studies, the diagnostic efficiency of this method has been demonstrated.…”

Overbite depth indicator and anteroposterior dysplasia indicator cephalometric norms for African Americans

“…10 Previous researchers have shown that he ODI and APDI variables demonstrate a high diagnostic value in making a link between dental malocclusion and the corresponding skeletal discrepancy using the receiver operating characteristic analysis. 11,12 The ODI and APDI cephalometric variables have assisted orthodontists in proper diagnosis and treatment planning; however, mean ODI and APDI values have been assessed only in whites 7,8 and Asians. 13,14 To date, there are no published data regarding the mean ODI and APDI values in African Americans.…”