Determination of the metabolic profile of Solidago canadensis using UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF

Abstract

Species in the Solidago genus are used worldwide due to the therapeutic activities of their flavonoids and terpenoids. Its anti-inflammatory, antirheumatic, analgesic, diuretic, aquaretic, wound-healing properties as well as its ability to relieve burn and insect bites allow use in a variety of situations. This study was carried out to determine the metabolic profile of Solidago canadensis inflorescences (SCAI) to identify the species commercialized in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil, and evaluate the medicinal potential compared to S. chilensis and SCAI, which is used in North America and Europe. The UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF revealed the metabolic profile of SCAI, finding the pseudo-molecular ions and characteristic fragments, mainly flavonols (10) such as quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, and its glycosides, as well as chlorogenic acid (CA). Eleven substances were identified, confirming the compatibility of the metabolic profile presented in varieties canadensis and scabra of european S. canadensis. The both contain the same flavonoid aglycones, and their glycosides are important chemical and biological markers for extracts and products based on species of the genus Solidago. UFLC-PDA-ESI-TOF characterized the extracts, which can help with quality control of raw plant materials and commercialized phytotherapeutics as well as for development of new products and phytomedicines.

Insecticidal Activity of Organic Extracts of Solidago graminifolia and Its Main Metabolites (Quercetin and Chlorogenic Acid) against Spodoptera frugiperda: An In Vitro and In Silico Approach

“…The chlorogenic acid molecule was not detected in the EtOH extract, even though it is described as the most abundant metabolite in plants of the Solidago genus [ 14 , 24 ]. In our case, an overlaping system with many polar metabolites could be the cause of undetected chlorogenic acid.…”

Allelopathic Activity of Canadian Goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) Extracts on Seed Germination and Growth of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and Garden Pepper Cress (Lepidium sativum L.)

“…The identity of some compounds was confirmed by matching of chromatographic data with corresponding reference compounds. Most of the determined constituents were identified formerly in Canadian goldenrod extracts [ 32 , 35 , 36 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. The retention times of compounds varied slightly for each sample.…”

“…flavonoids, saponins, polyacetylenes, (poly)phenolic acids, phenolic glycosides, terpenoids, etc. [ 3 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. It is an essential-oil bearing plant.…”

“…Several studies have focused on evaluation of the chemical composition and biological properties of various S. canadensis extracts [ 3 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ]. The leaves and flowers of the plant contain a wide range of bioactive constituents that are responsible for its antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibacterial, antimutagenic, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, spasmolytic and diuretic properties [ 38 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Selected Aspects of Invasive Solidago canadensis with an Emphasis on Its Allelopathic Abilities: A Review

“…[31,[50][51] Flavonoids have a variety of biological activities, such as antioxidation, scavenging free radicals, killing insects, and inhibiting germs (Table 4). [27,34,[52][53][54][55][56] Papp et al, [52] Kuzmenko et al, [53] Kelly et al [54] isolated quercetin and its glycosides, kaempferol and its glycosides, isorhamnetin and its glycosides, and other flavonoids from S. canadensis.…”