Briófitas (Bryophyta e Marchantiophyta) das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil

Abstract

Resumo Os estudos botânicos na Serra dos Carajás iniciaram no final da década de 60. Após isso, foram publicados vários trabalhos sobre florística, ecologia e fitogeografia que resultaram em muitas descobertas sobre a flora local, culminando com a produção da flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás. Este trabalho objetiva apresentar a riqueza das briófitas estudadas durante o projeto Flora das cangas da Serra dos Carajás, Pará, Brasil. O material estudado incluiu novas coletas realizadas de 2015 a 2017 e material depositado no Herbário MG. A canga apresentou uma grande riqueza de briófitas (54 musgos e 35 hepáticas) e a composição está de acordo com o esperado para áreas rupestres na Amazônia. A elevada riqueza de briófitas de sombra demonstrou que as poucas árvores da canga assim com as pequenas áreas de mata baixa que formam ilhas de vegetação ou ainda nichos específicos como frestas e base de rochas ou espaços sob rochas, servem como refúgio para essas espécies. O estudo das briófitas na Serra dos Carajás possibilitou o conhecimento 51 novos registros para as cangas de Carajás, sete para o Pará, três para a região Norte e um para o Brasil.

Leafy liverworts of Chapada das Mesas National Park: a floristic survey and checklist of the leafy liverworts of Maranhão state, Brazil

“…In CMNP, however, species were collected mostly on rocks; numerous rocks are available for the colonization by leafy liverworts, in our study area, which also has a more seasonal climate with a prolonged dry season. The same preference for rocks was found in a study of acrocarpous mosses in CMNP (Oliveira et al 2018a), as well as in studies in the Brazilian Cerrado (Carmo and Peralta 2016) and in canga areas in Serra dos Carajás, Pará state (Oliveira-da-Silva and Ilkiu-Borges 2018).…”

What can bryophyte diversity on Cangas (ironstone outcrops) teach us?

“…Although previous expectations were that more mosses species than liverworts would be found on Cangas (e.g., Fantecelle et al, 2017; Oliveira‐da‐Silva & Ilkiu‐Borges, 2018; Peñaloza‐Bojacá et al, 2018b), it was interesting that liverworts outnumbered mosses in our study sites. Additionally, the diversity (richness and abundance) of liverworts, compared to mosses, seemed to be negatively affected by anthropogenic factors (e.g., intensive and recurrent fires), which may explain the significant discrepancy in number of liverworts at RM when compared to the other sites.…”

“…Even though bryophytes seem to play important roles among the mosaics of habitats on the mining‐threatened Cangas , research focusing on the flora of this environment is still incipient (Fantecelle et al, 2017; Oliveira‐da‐Silva & Ilkiu‐Borges, 2018; Peñaloza‐Bojacá et al, 2018a,b). Knowledge about bryophyte diversity, a commonly neglected group on Cangas , is fundamental for improving conservation strategies for these ecosystems of high beta diversity.…”

A checklist of the bryophytes from Amapá State, Northern Brazil

“…The most common species of our list were already expected to be found in Amapá due to their wide distribution in the Amazon and frequent occurrence in various ecosystems from humid rainforests to open environments (Santos & Lisboa 2003, Moura et al 2013, Tavares-Martins et al 2014, Pantoja et al 2015, Cerqueira et al 2017, BFG 2018, Oliveira-da-Silva & Ilkiu-Borges 2018. Among these species, only Ceratolejeunea coarina was not reported in Marajó island , a large continental island neighbor to Amapá State.…”

“…The most abundant families, Lejeuneaceae and Calymperaceae, were expected to be since many studies in the Amazon recorded these families as the richest (e.g., Gradstein et al 2001, Macedo & Ilkiu-Borges 2014, Cerqueira et al 2017, Oliveira-da-Silva & Ilkiu-Borges 2018. The two richest genera (Syrrhopodon and Lejeunea) were also expected since they are well distributed in Brazil (Gradstein et al 2001, Gradstein & Costa 2003, Costa & Peralta 2015.…”