-(Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) of Planalto Residual do Urucum, western Pantanal region, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil). The Pantanal of southern Mato Grosso do Sul is characterized by sedimentary deposits plains and isolated hills groups. One of these hills groups is the Planalto Residual do Urucum (1065 m), which is constituted by seven mountain ranges. Sixty-seven species of Papilionoideae, grouped into 31 genera and 11 tribes were found: Phaseoleae (Calopogonium, Camptosema, Canavalia, Centrosema, Clitoria, Eriosema, Erythrina, Galactia, Macroptilium, Phaseolus, Rhynchosia and Vigna), Dalbergieae (Aeschynomene, Andira, Chaetocalyx, Machaerium, Platypodium, Stylosanthes and Zornia), Desmodieae (Alysicarpus and Desmodium), Sophoreae (Acosmium and Sweetia), Swartzieae (Amburana and Ateleia), Crotalarieae (Crotalaria), Dipterygeae (Dipteryx), Indigoferae (Indigofera), Millettieae (Lonchocarpus), Robineae (Coursetia) and Sesbanieae (Sesbania). The most numerous genera are Desmodium and Stylosanthes (six species), Galactia and Zornia (fi ve species). Keys, descriptions, illustrations for eight taxa and geographical distribution are provided. Key words: fl ora, inventory, mountains, taxonomy RESUMO -(Papilionoideae (Leguminosae) do Planalto Residual do Urucum, oeste do Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil). O Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul é caracterizado por apresentar planícies de depósitos sedimentares e grupos de morros isolados. Um destes grupos de morros isolados é o Planalto Residual do Urucum (1.065 m), que é constituído de sete serras. Foram catalogadas 67 espécies de Papilionoideae, agrupadas em 31 gêneros e 11 tribos: Phaseoleae (Calopogonium,