Conhecimentos Sobre Benefícios Do Aleitamento Materno E Desvantagens Da Chupeta Relacionados À Prática Das Mães Ao Lidar Com Recém-Nascidos Pré-Termo

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the knowledge and expectations of mothers of preterm newborn infants admitted in a neonatal intensive care unit about breastfeeding and pacifier use, and to analyze their experience in dealing with the sucking urge in the first months of life. Methods: Mothers were interviewed during hospitalization of the newborn in the neonatal intensive care unit and when the infant was six months old. All mothers with availability to participate in the study were included. Exclusion criteria comprised infants with syndromes and neurological disorders and mothers with cognitive impairment, depression, and drug users. Data were analyzed with the SPSS software, with descriptive statistics and chi-square test. Results: Sixty-two mothers were interviewed in the beginning and 52 at a six-month follow-up. Mothers’ expectations concerning breastfeeding were positive when they listed the benefits to the mother (90.3%) and infant (100%). However, they had difficulties maintaining exclusive breastfeeding and used the baby bottle (75.0%), which most mothers (69.4%) had already acquired before the infant was born. The fact of having a pacifier in the infant’s layette (43.6%) did not influence its use (p=0.820). This also occurred among mothers who said they would not offer the pacifier due to disadvantages to the mother (80.7%) and infant (96.8%). The previous expectation that the pacifier could bring benefits for mother and infant did not affect its use (p=0.375 and p=0.158). Conclusions: Mothers demonstrated prior knowledge about breastfeeding benefits and disadvantages of the pacifiers. However, they changed their view when dealing with the infant and introduced bottles and pacifiers.

Medicinal Plants Used as Galactagogues

“…In the United States, for example, less than half of infants receive any breast milk at 6 months (49.4%), and approximately one-quarter are breast-fed up to 1 year (26.7%) [4]. Breast discomfort or pain, sore nipples, mastatitis, inverted nipples, presence of breast implants, difficulty getting baby to suck, poor weight gain and hypernatremia dehydration due to insufficient milk intake are rampant challenges encountered during breast feeding [3]. Lactation failure is also common among postpartum women, resulting in insufficient milk supply which is a major reason for early weaning.…”

“…There are major concerns however as to what extent pasteurized donor breast milk retains the biological properties of mother's milk. Evidence on donor milk quality is limited [3] and operational human milk banks are not able to meet demands for especially the most vulnerable neonates [8].…”

“…It is highly recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the first 6 months of life with supplemental breast feeding continuing for at least 2 years [1]. This is because optimal breastfeeding of infants has a direct impact on growth, development, and health in the neonatal period [2,3]. Breastfeeding is known to have invaluable benefits both for the child and mother.…”

“…It also provides a more practical approach to feeding in comparison to the use of a bottle prevents breast cancer and pregnancy and provides relief in breast pain while also being economical. For the infant, it promotes affectional bond with the mother while adequately supplying the nutritional and emotional needs [3]. In the developing world, low immunization rates, contaminated drinking water, and reduced immunity as a result of malnutrition make breast feeding crucial to reducing life threatening infections.…”

“…In the developing world, low immunization rates, contaminated drinking water, and reduced immunity as a result of malnutrition make breast feeding crucial to reducing life threatening infections. A review of interventions in 42 developing countries estimated that exclusive breast feeding for 6 months, with partial breastfeeding continuing to 12 months, can prevent 1.3 million (13%) deaths each year in children under 5 years [3]. However exclusive breastfeeding is not without challenges.…”