Growth, nutrient accumulation in leaves and grain yield of super early genotypes of common bean

Abstract

There is a lack of researches that evaluate the development and nutrient accumulation in super early genotypes of common bean for the elaboration of fertilization programs. This study aimed at characterizing the development; N, P, K, Ca and Mg accumulation by leaves; grain yield; and yield components of super early genotypes of common bean. Field experiments were conducted in a randomized blocks design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of the IPR Colibri (control), CNFC 15873, CNFC 15874 and CNFC 15875 genotypes. Plants were sampled throughout the common bean development, being divided into leaves, stems and pods. After determining the dry matter, the contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg accumulated in leaves were estimated. At harvesting, the grain yield and yield components were evaluated. The biomass accumulation in stems and leaves occurred until the flowering stage, and then it started in the pods until harvesting. The genotypes that absorbed more nitrogen and phosphorus had a higher grain yield. The average growing season of super early genotypes was 70 days (winter) and 63 days (summer). CNFC 15874 was the most productive genotype in the winter, with grain yield similar to the IPR Colibri cultivar (control). In the summer, CNFC 15873 and CNFC 15875 achieved grain yield similar to the IPR Colibri cultivar.

Nutritional demand and nutrient export by modern cultivars of common bean

“…At the beginning of this stage, there was a decline in the DM of those compartments due to the loss of leaves and routing of photoassimilates to younger leaves and the grain, leading to an increase in grain DM until reaching physiological maturity (Figure 1). This same response was reported by Nascente et al (2016) for cultivars with a very early cycle, such as IPR Colibri and the CNFC 15873, CNFC 15874, and CNFC 15875 experimental cultivars. Andrade et al (2009) also observed a decline in the leaf DM of cultivars Ouro Negro and BRS MG Talismã beginning at 51 days after emergence, in the R7 phenological stage.…”

“…The only exceptions were: Ca, which was exported in a greater amount by cultivar IPR Tuiuiú; S, which was exported in a greater amount by BRS FC104; and B, which was exported in a greater amount by BRS FC104 and IPR Tuiuiú (Table 4). Regarding management, this is important information because it shows that the amounts of nutrients applied should not be increased for these cultivars and that the period of greatest nutrient demand can vary, suggesting that the fertilization of some nutrients should be advanced for early maturing cultivars (Nascente et al, 2016). Despite the similarity in the exported amounts, the percentage of exported nutrients in relation to total Table 3.…”

Use efficiency and responsivity to nitrogen of common bean cultivars

“…The coefficients of correlation between N accumulation at R 9 and yield, and between this variable and straw dry matter, were higher than those found for production components, which is explained by the fact that yield is a combination of these components. Nascente, Carvalho and Rosa (2016) concluded that cultivars which absorb more N are more productive and that stresses related to this nutrient affect N redistribution to reproductive structures. In addition, the level of association between N accumulation in the shoots at R 6 was higher for yield than for straw dry matter, but both were lower than those found at R 9 .…”

Productivity of corn and beans as affected by season and source of nitrogen

“…Regarding corn, Souza Neto et al ( 2020) also found no difference in grain yield and other production components and plant characteristics when studying two periods of N application (at sowing and topdressing) at the V7 growth stage of the crop. Likewise, Nascente et al (2016 and did not find significant differences in the common bean crop regarding the period of nitrogen application. This indicates that it is possible to carry out the anticipation of nitrogen fertilization in corn and common bean cultivated in a no-tillage system, since high doses of N in the sowing furrow can compromise the plant population (SANTOS; FAGERIA, 2007), and topdressing, in addition to increasing the cost of production, can cause damage to crops as a result of traffic of agricultural machinery (Kluthcouski et al, 2006).…”