Phenological, Plant Architecture, and Grain Yield Traits on Common Bean Lines Selection

Abstract

The development of common bean cultivars with early cycle, upright plant architecture, and high grain yield represents marketing advantages to bean farmers. This study aimed to evaluate whether common bean inbred lines differ for phenological, plant architecture, and grain yield traits; analyze the correlations between these traits; and select early and upright common bean lines with high grain yield. To this end, 14 common bean inbred lines were evaluated in two growing seasons in Santa Maria - RS, Brazil. Common bean inbred lines showed significant differences for all traits, except for insertion of the first pod and length of the fourth and fifth internodes. The four superior common bean lines selected by the multiplicative index were CNFP 10794, CNFC 10762, DF 06-09, and BRS Valente. CNFP 10794 presents earliness (flowering and cycle), upright plant architecture (lower values of general adaptation score, lodging, and stay-green phenotype) and high grain yield (higher values of number of pods per plant, number of grains per plant, mass of 100 grains, and grain yield). Mass of 100 grains showed a positive correlation with grain yield (r= 0.68). The indirect selection using mass of 100 grains is of intermediate efficiency to increase grain yield in common bean. CNFP 10794 presents earliness, upright plant architecture, and high grain yield and will be selected for the breeding program.

Research Article Upright plant architecture traits and their relationship with grain yield in the selection of Mesoamerican common bean lines cultivated at low altitude

“…For all upright plant architecture traits and grain yield a significant effect of the genotype and/or G x E interaction was observed, except for the length of the first internode and the hypocotyl diameter. However, previous studies reported significant different for the length of the first internode and the hypocotyl diameter in Mesoamerican common bean genotypes (Moura et al, 2013;Ribeiro et al, 2018a). These results reinforce the need to reassess which upright plant architecture traits are effective to evaluate genetic variability in the common bean germplasm.…”

“…Positive and high magnitude correlation estimates were obtained for the following traits: lodging and general adaptation score (r = 0.810), lodging and insertion of the first pod (r = 0.792), insertion of the first pod and insertion of the last pod (r = 0.748), insertion of the first pod and plant height (r = 0.603), and insertion of the last pod and plant height (r = 0.979) (Table 3). Similarly, high positive correlation was observed between insertion of the last pod and plant height in Mesoamerican common bean lines (Ribeiro et al, 2018a). However, no correlation was found between lodging and insertion of the first pod (Moura et al, 2013), and a positive and intermediate magnitude correlation was observed between lodging and general adaptation score (Jost et al, 2013) in Mesoamerican common bean lines.…”

“…The following traits: lodging, general adaptation score, insertion of the first pod, insertion of the last pod, plant height, length of second, third, fourth and fifth internodes, and the epicotyl diameter enabled to differentiate the common bean genotypes with regard to upright plant architecture. Previous studies showed that Mesoamerican common bean genotypes differed for lodging (Mendes et al, 2011;Pereira et al, 2012); plant architecture score (da Cunha et al, 2005;de Lima et al, 2012); general adaptation score (Ribeiro et al, 2010); lodging and plant height (Soltani et al, 2016); lodging, general adaptation score, and insertion of the first pod (Jost et al, 2013); insertion of the first pod, plant height, length of the second, third, fourth and fifth internodes, and the epicotyl diameter (Moura et al, 2013); lodging, general adaptation score, insertion of the first pod, insertion of the last pod, plant height, length of the second and third internodes (Ribeiro et al, 2018a). Thus, all these traits can be used for the selection of common bean lines with upright plant architecture.…”

“…Upright plant architecture in the common bean can be visually evaluated by the use of score scales, such as lodging (Mendes et al, 2011;Pereira et al, 2012;Jost et al, 2013;Soltani et al, 2016;Ribeiro et al, 2018a), plant growth habit (Silva et al, 2009), plant architecture (Acquaah et al, 1991;da Cunha et al, 2005;de Lima et al, 2012;Silva et al, 2013;Pires et al, 2014), and general adaptation score (Ribeiro et al, 2010;Ribeiro et al, 2018a). Although score scales are widely used in common bean breeding programs, it should be considered that such assessments depend on the evaluator's experience and usually present low repeatability.…”

“…Morphological traits have also been used to characterize upright plant architecture in common bean such as insertion of the first pod, plant height, length and number of internodes, among other traits described by Acquaah et al (1991), Teixeira et al (1999), Moura et al (2013), and Ribeiro et al (2018a). These traits have been assessed in samples from five to ten plants randomly harvested from an experimental plot (Schmit et al, 2016;Ribeiro et al, 2018a) or in all plants of a plot (Acquaah et al, 1991). This requires a lot of time and effort to obtain results, making the selection process inefficient.…”