Pensamento Crítico Holístico no Processo Diagnóstico de Enfermagem

Abstract

The constant and rapid changes in the world over the last decades as the result of social, political and economic determinants have caused changes in the health care of the globalized society with consequent modifications of the epidemiological profile, increase in the complexity of health problems and in the demand of individuals. These factors compel the different disciplines of knowledge, specifically in health, to adapt their care processes, aiming at finding solutions for the real or potential needs of the individual (1). In this scenario, we emphasize Nursing, a social and humanistic health care practice discipline, which is structured in the science and art of prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human beings with knowledge, skill and care. This premise has mobilized nursing theorists to produce specific knowledge in teaching, research and care, seeking to develop, test and apply care technologies and instruments that guide the choice for better practices which are sensitive to the singularity of each individual and that person's life context and overall well-being. To transfer this knowledge into the professional practice, it is critical that the nurses develop strong intellectual abilities as well as technical-scientific, ethical, aesthetic, and humanistic skills. Today and into the future the best nurses will demonstrate the ability to investigate, diagnose, set goals and intervene based on evidence, yet without losing the holistic perspective. Critical holistic thinking is most clearly evident in the nursing diagnosis process because "getting the problem right" is the first and most important step in solving the problem. The application of strong critical thinking, in conjunction with good clinical data and solid knowledge, is essential if an accurate diagnosis is to be made, a diagnosis which takes all the relevant factors into consideration (1). Critical thinking is the process of forming a reflective judgment concerning what to believe or what to do in any given context (2). It is reflective, meaning that it is open to self-monitoring and self-correction. It applies cognitive skills, including analysis, inference, evaluation, interpretation, and explanation. More than skills alone, strong critical thinking is driven by the consistent internal motivation to apply those skills. An orientation toward truth-seeking, inquisitiveness, confidence in reasoning, organization, foresight, and maturity of judgment characterizes strong critical thinkers. Individuals are capable of developing into strong critical thinkers, and so are groups or teams which work together on problems.

Julgamento clínico em diagnosticos de enfermagem de pacientes renais crônicos em hemodiálise

“…Así, es esencial reconocer que el uso de esta herramienta clínica y educativa para estudiantes profesionales promueve la visibilidad de la enfermería como una disciplina social y humanista impregnada por la práctica de la atención médica. Es notorio que el modelo empleado es un dispositivo que puede dilucidar o crear innumerables teorías de rango medio, y teorías prácticas mediante la producción de conocimientos específicos, involucrando la enseñanza y la investigación, basando las mejores prácticas para que sean sensibles a la singularidad de cada individuo, y al contexto de la vida y el bienestar general de esa persona, orientando a la elección de las prioridades clínicas (17) .…”

A atuação da enfermagem frente a sexualidade no processo de senescência: relato de experiência

“…Outrossim, corrobora-se a necessidade de que este profissional, no âmbito assistencial, desenvolva um holístico e acolhedor, despido de pré-julgamentos e sem barreiras, para facilitar a criação de uma conexão adequada com o cliente, a fim de permitir que este possa expor suas demandas individuais, bem como expressar seus valores e entendimentos sobre a sua saúde, promovendo, assim, uma relação de troca de saberes e a identificação das lacunas em saúde que este idoso apresenta, possibilitando a singularização do cuidado, bem como a promoção de uma assistência equânime, integral e resolutiva (Facione, Crossetti, & Riegel, 2017).…”

Vivências do cuidado de enfermagem em unidade de diálise: relato de experiência

“…O intervalo entre as sessões de hemodiálise potencializa o volume excessivo de líquidos, no entanto, durante as sessões de hemodiálise os pacientes também desenvolveram intercorrências, em decorrência da redução do volume de líquidos. Em consonância, pesquisa com 50 pacientes renais em programa hemodialítico identificou que o DE, risco de volume de líquidos deficiente, esteve associado com as falhas nos mecanismos Costa BCP, Duarte FHS, Lima MA, et al Revista de Enfermagem do Centro Oeste Mineiro 2020;10/3084 www.ufsj.edu.br/recom -6 regulatórios (100,0%) e com a perda de líquidos por vias anormais (92,1%) (18) .…”