Produção de óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis L. em diferentes épocas, sistemas de cultivo e adubações

Abstract

RESUMO:Os objetivos deste trabalho foram avaliar a biomassa, o rendimento e a composição de óleo essencial de Melissa officinalis L. submetida a diferentes épocas de plantio, sistemas de cultivo, e adubações. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados (DBC), em esquema fatorial 2 x 2 x 2, sendo duas épocas de plantio (verão e inverno), dois sistemas de cultivo (estufa e campo), e dois tipos de adubação (mineral e orgânica). A colheita consistiu no corte de todas as plantas da parcela útil. Após a colheita, foi avaliada a massa fresca foliar, a altura de plantas, o comprimento e largura das folhas. A extração de óleo essencial foi realizada por hidrodestilação e a composição química foi analisada em cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado a espectrômetro de massas. Das substâncias encontradas, prevaleceram como constituintes majoritários os monoterpenos geranial e neral na colheita de verão, e geranial, neral e citronelal na colheita de inverno. As condições do ambiente protegido e do verão propiciaram melhor biomassa de melissa, maior rendimento de óleo essencial, e maior taxa do constituinte citral.Palavras chave: melissa, cultivo protegido, óleo essencial. ABSTRACT: Essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. at differents seasons, systems of planting and fertilizations.The objectives of this study were to evaluate the biomass, yield and composition of essential oil of Melissa officinalis L. under differents seasons, systems of planting and fertilizations. The experimental design was a randomized block design (RBD), in a factorial 2 x 2 x 2 with two seasons of harvest (summer and winter), two systems of planting (greenhouse and field) and two types of fertilizer (mineral and organic). The harvest consisted of cutting all plants of central line. After harvest, it were evaluated the leaf fresh weight, height of the plant, length and width of the leaves. The essential oil extraction was performed by hydrodistillation and the chemical composition was performed by gas chromatography coupled by mass spectrometry. The major constituents were geranial and neral in summer harvest and geranial, neral and citronellal in winter harvest. The conditions of the greenhouse and the summer presented the better biomass, higher yield of oil and higher rate of citral.

Morphophysiological quality of yerba mate plantlets produced by mini-cuttings

“…The results obtained in this study were similar to those reported by Luz et al (2014), where the greatest growth of Melissa officinalis (L.) occurred at high temperatures. The authors concluded that the high temperatures increased the capacity to convert light into energy, thus increasing the photosynthetic efficiency and growth rate of plants (LUZ et al, 2014).…”

“…Thus, this result may have occurred because the growth of these plantlets was evaluated between the months of October and January, which presented the higher average of air temperatures (23.9 ºC) and consequently more intense vegetative growth (STENZEL et al, 2005). The results obtained in this study were similar to those reported by Luz et al (2014), where the greatest growth of Melissa officinalis (L.) occurred at high temperatures. The authors concluded that the high temperatures increased the capacity to convert light into energy, thus increasing the photosynthetic efficiency and growth rate of plants (LUZ et al, 2014).…”

“…The container type and volume had no significant effect on survival percentage, which presented a mean of 85.1% at 120 days of cultivation ( Figure 5A). Survival percentages between 61.7 and 75.0% were found at 120 days of cultivation, regardless of the container used (1500, 3000 and 6000 cm³ plastic bags and 50 cm³ tube containers) in the cultivation of seedlings of native species Maytenus ilicifolia Martius ex Reissek (NICOLOSO et al, 2000). The results for survival of seminal seedlings from vegetative propagation show that yerba mate plantlets had good adaptability to the cultivation environment and the management used in the nursery phase.…”

Efeito da adubação orgânica e mineral no crescimento de plantas de orégano cultivadas em ambiente protegido

“…Ao trabalharem com plantas de Ocimum basilicum L., Luz et al (2014) mostraram que o uso de substratos não proporcionou diferenças estatísticas significativas no aumento de massa seca, porém em plantas de "mil-folhas", Ferraz et al (2014) comprovaram que a presença do esterco bovino favoreceu o acúmulo de massa seca da parte aérea. Para a formação de massa seca total, o esterco bovino proporcionou às plantas de orégano 83 g, em média.…”

“…Isso pode ser explicado porque as plantas apresentam distintas resposta a intensidade de radiação luminosa, sendo que a altura é um dos estímulos de resposta mais rápidos ao sombreamento (MORELLI; ROBERTTI, 2000). E, de acordo com algumas pesquisas, espécies medicinais apresentam maior crescimento em altura nas plantas que recebem algum sombreamento (SALES et al, 2009;LUZ et al, 2014;PAULUS et al, 2016).…”