Retirement Resources Inventory in Portugal: An Adaptation and Validation Study

Abstract

A quarter of Portugal’s population is aged 65 years or over, mostly retired individuals. However, there is a lack of studies and instruments to facilitate retirement planning. This study aims to validate the Retirement Resources Inventory in Portugal to use it in future interventions. In total, 450 Portuguese retirees from all regions who responded to the inventory and sociodemographic questions participated in this study. According to the exploratory and confirmatory analyses, 23 items were found, confirming the four-factor model [χ 2 (gl) = 404.63(216); CFI = 0.90; TLI = 0.88; RMSEA = 0.06; SRMR = 0.06], with good evidence of internal and convergent validity. The first factor corresponded to physical and financial aspects, the second to social and family resources, the third to received support, and the fourth to emotional and cognitive resources. We recommend the replication of the RRI in a longitudinal study before and after retirement.

REATIVA: An Efficient Health Promotion Program during Retirement Transition

“…The same author [ 18 ] states that individuals with high perceived self-efficacy are proactive in their attitudes and actions, which does not happen with individuals with low perceived self-efficacy, who are less able to explore the system opportunities. These considerations point to the relevance of analyzing results from other variables [ 3 , 9 ] that constitute resources for a successful retirement in order to examine the efficiency of the REATIVA program.…”

“…The evolution observed in the participants of the REATIVA program also suggests that this intervention boosted these individuals’ acceptance of their retiree status, which eases the adaptation to the impact of these changes [ 3 ].…”

“…Furthermore, due to the emotional nature of this relationship, it was also confirmed that reinforced relationships between grandparents and grandchildren are a major source of pleasure and affection during a stage of life that retirement makes vaster. However, because the closeness between the two generations often depends on the children’s request, these programs are also relevant for promoting the grandparents’ integration into the family life and, consequently, into successful transgenerationality [ 3 ]. Besides the happy relationship with grandchildren, retirees with descendants expect to share leisure activities with their children.…”

“…Thus, if the transition to retirement was desired and/or previously planned, the perception of stress may be lower than when it occurs unexpectedly and/or outside the individual’s will (e.g., compulsory or early retirement). In this same context, it is also important to mention that the degree of satisfaction the person had with their job and/or the “arrival of retirement” may influence how they adjust to this new experience, those who least look forward to the proximity of retirement generally being those most adapted and satisfied with their jobs [ 3 ].…”

“…These considerations indicate the relevance of analyzing the results of other variables that constitute resources for successful retirement, , such as awareness of the new retiree status, knowledge about ageing adaptation process, family support and community network support [ 3 ]. Therefore, programs that promote a successful transition for events that occur in middle age can help facilitate active and healthy aging.…”