Relações entre Estresse, Distorções Cognitivas e Otimismo em Pacientes com Hipertensão

Abstract

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo investigar possíveis relações entre hipertensão, estresse, otimismo e distorções cognitivas. Foram utilizados como instrumentos um questionário sociobiodemográfico, o Inventário de Sintomas de Stress para Adultos de Lipp, o Questionário de Distorções Cognitivas e o Teste de Orientação de Vida Revisado. A amostra foi constituída de cinquenta pessoas com hipertensão e cinquenta sem hipertensão, de 42 a 69 anos. A maioria dos participantes não estava estressada (67%), e não houve diferença entre os grupos quanto à presença de estresse, grau de otimismo ou distorções cognitivas. No grupo com hipertensão, a presença de estresse relacionou-se de maneira direta às distorções cognitivas, sem relacionar-se ao otimismo. Já no grupo sem hipertensão a presença de estresse relacionou-se de maneira inversa ao otimismo, mas não com o escore geral de distorções cognitivas. Os resultados apontaram que a presença de hipertensão pode atuar sobre as relações entre o estresse, distorções cognitivas e otimismo.

The Examination of the Mediator Role of Optimism, Self-Compassion, Altruism and Gratitude in the Relationship Between Cognitive Distortions and Forgiveness of Emerging Adults

“…When the results of the studies conducted in the literature are examined, it is seen that they largely concur with the findings of the current study. It is known that there are negative and significant relationships between individuals’ characteristics such as optimism (Carver & Scheier, 2005; Pacheco & Malagris, 2020), self-compassion (Hou et al, 2020; Stanziano, 2019), altruism (Krieger & Falcone, 2017; Reed, 1983) and gratitude (Jung et al, 2014; Ramsey, 2019) and cognitive distortions and that the development of these personality characteristics significantly reduces cognitive distortions through mutual interaction (Jung et al, 2014; Karagöz, 2011; Kılıç & Tunç, 2020; Ulusoy & Duy, 2013). When studies on these personality characteristics are examined in the literature, it is seen that optimism (Ramadhani et al, 2021), self-compassion (Booker, 2019; Wu et al, 2019), altruism (Ergi et al, 2021; Oliner, 2005) and gratitude (Hermaen & Hussain Bhutto, 2020; Ramsey, 2019) seem to be facilitating factors for individuals to forgive themselves.…”

“…In the experimental studies conducted in the literature to improve the positive expectations and optimism levels of individuals, it is seen that optimism training significantly reduces the cognitive distortions of individuals (Karagöz, 2011; Ulusoy & Duy, 2013). There are also correlational studies in the literature that show negative relationships between cognitive distortions and optimism (Caryk & Walker, 1986; Chang & Bridewell, 1998; Day & Maltby, 2003; Pacheco & Malagris, 2020). In this context, forgiveness of situations can be associated with the ability of the individual to make a softening and healthy assessment of the situation.…”

“…In the experimental studies in the literature to improve the positive expectations and optimism levels of individuals, it is seen that optimism training significantly reduces the cognitive distortions of individuals (Karagöz, 2011; Ulusoy & Duy, 2013). In addition, there are correlational studies in the literature showing that there is a negative correlation between cognitive distortions and optimism (Caryk & Walker, 1986; Pacheco & Malagris, 2020). On the other hand, when the literature is reviewed, it is seen that there are also correlational studies in which optimism is positively correlated with forgiveness (Nembhard, 2017; Ramadhani et al, 2021).…”