Two new species of the banjo catfish Bunocephalus Kner (Siluriformes: Aspredinidae) from the upper and middle rio São Francisco basins, Brazil

Abstract

Two new species of banjo catfish of the genus Bunocephalus are described from the upper and middle rio São Francisco basins of Brazil. Bunocephalus hartti is distinguished from all its congeners by the absence of serrations along the anterior margin of pectoral-fin spine in adults (vs. presence of serrations along the anterior margin of the spine). Bunocephalus minerim can be diagnosed from all congeners, except B. larai, by the absence of an epiphyseal bar between the paired frontals (vs. presence of the epiphyseal bar at least in adults). Bunocephalus minerim is distinguished from B. larai and other congeners, except B. chamaizelus, by having nine principal caudal-fin rays (vs. 10 principal caudal-fin rays).Duas novas espécies de peixe-banjo do gênero Bunocephalus são descritas para as bacias do alto e médio rio São Francisco no Brasil. Bunocephalus hartti difere das demais espécies do gênero pela ausência de ganchos ao longo da margem anterior do espinho da nadadeira peitoral em adultos (vs. presença de ganchos ao longo da margem anterior do espinho). Bunocephalus minerim pode ser distinguido dos demais congêneres, exceto B. larai, pela ausência da barra epifiseana entre os frontais (vs. presença da barra epifiseana ao menos nos adultos). Bunocephalus minerim pode ser distinguida de B. larai e outras congêneres, exceto B. chamaizelus, pela presença de nove raios principais na nadadeira caudal (vs. 10 raios caudais principais).

The Bunocephalus coracoideus Species Complex (Siluriformes, Aspredinidae). Signs of a Speciation Process through Chromosomal, Genetic and Ecological Diversity

“…Bunocephalus is the most species-rich Aspredinidae genus, corresponding to a monophyletic clade ( Cardoso, 2008 , 2010 ) with 13 valid species ( Eschmeyer et al, 2017 ). However, many species have their classification put in question ( Carvalho et al, 2015 ), and, consequently, with questionable taxonomy. The genetic divergence among morphologically indistinguishable specimens within a single “species” rises doubts on their taxonomic status, once such variations imply in cladogenesis processes ( Bickford et al, 2007 ), which may end up in speciation.…”

A new species of Pseudobunocephalus Friel, 2008 (Siluriformes: Aspredinidae) from the lower Tocantins and Mearim river drainages, North and Northeast of Brazil

“…3A, Table 2). Scanned specimen ANSP 168813 lacks the frontal epyphiseal bar, and intraspecific variation was also observed in other genera of Aspredinidae that typically possess an epyphiseal bar (e.g., Bunocephalus and Xyliphius; Carvalho et al, 2015).…”

“…Measurements are expressed as percents of the standard length (SL), except subunits of head, which are expressed as percents of the head length (HL). The measurements follow Friel (1995) and Cardoso (2010); except for cleithral process length, which was taken from the anterior margin of the cleithrum, on its lateral anteriorly projected process, to the posterior tip of the cleithral process (Carvalho et al, 2015;Friel & Carvalho, 2016).…”

Description of a New Blind and Rare Species ofXyliphius(Siluriformes: Aspredinidae) from the Amazon Basin Using High-Resolution Computed Tomography

“…YLIPHIUS Eigenmann, 1912 is one of 13 genera of Aspredinidae, a family with about 43 valid species commonly known as banjo catfishes (Friel, 2003;Carvalho et al, 2015;Friel and Carvalho, 2016). Including the new taxon described here, Xyliphius contains seven valid species distributed in major watersheds throughout South America, such as the Magdalena, Maracaibo, Orinoco, Amazon, Paraná-Paraguay, and Tocantins (Friel, 2003;Figueiredo and Britto, 2010).…”