A new spiny species of Hypostomus Lacépède (Loricariidae: Hypostominae) from thermal waters, upper rio Paraná basin, central Brazil

Abstract

A new species of Hypostomus is described from the rio Quente, rio Paranaíba drainage, in the upper rio Paraná basin in central Brazil. The rio Quente is a peculiar small and shallow fast water stream with water temperatures around 34ºC. The new species is distinguished from all congeners by having the five lateral series of plates with hypertrophied odontodes not aligned in rows and more conspicuous on flanks of caudal peduncle of the larger specimens. The new species is only known from the rio Quente.Uma nova espécie de Hypostomus é descrita do rio Quente, drenagem do rio Paranaíba, bacia do alto rio Paraná no Brasil Central. O rio Quente é um riacho peculiar, raso e de correnteza, cujas temperaturas atingem em torno de 34ºC. A espécie nova é distinguida de todas as congêneres por ter as cinco séries de placas laterais com odontódeos hipertrofiados, os quais não são alinhados em fileiras, sendo mais conspícuos nos flancos do pedúnculo caudal nos indivíduos maiores. A espécie nova é conhecida apenas do rio Quente.

Two new species of Hypostomus suckermouth‐armoured catfishes (Teleostei: Loricariidae) from central Brazil

“…H. cafuringa and H. crulsi are small suckermouth‐armoured catfish species distributed in the headwater streams of the Distrito Federal that drain into the upper Tocantins and upper Paraná rivers, respectively. Several other small body‐sized species have previously been described in the genus Hypostomus , e.g ., H. nigromaculatus , H. careopinnatus , H. velhochico and H. yaku (Martins et al ., 2012; Martins et al ., 2014; Schubart, 1964; Zawadzki et al ., 2017a). This is consistent with literature showing that fast‐flowing lotic environments are often associated with smaller species (Lavin & McPhail, 1993; Schlosser, 1987).…”

“…Recently, five new Hypostomus species were described from the region of central Brazil known as the Central Brazilian Highlands (Alkmim, 2015), namely Hypostomus denticulatus Zawadzki et al ., 2008b, Hypostomus heraldoi Zawadzki et al ., 2008b and Hypostomus yaku Martins et al ., 2014, found in the upper Paraná River basin, as well as Hypostomus faveolus Zawadzki et al ., 2008a, and Hypostomus delimai Zawadzki et al ., 2013, found in the Tocantins–Araguaia River basin (Martins et al ., 2014; Zawadzki et al ., 2008a; Zawadzki et al ., 2008b; Zawadzki et al ., 2013). This region of central Brazil is drained by the headwater streams of three major watersheds: the Tocantins, Paraná and São Francisco rivers (Barros, 1993).…”

Integrative taxonomy reveals the historically poorly defined armoured catfish Hypostomus variipictus (Ihering 1911), from the upper rio Paraná basin, Brazil (Siluriformes, Loricariidae)

“…Even considering the sampling limitation the data seem to indicate alternative local and regional evolutionary scenarios for Hypostomus in the upper rio Paraná basin. In this basin, there are just over 30 nominal species (Garavello et al ., 2012; Jerep et al ., 2007; Martins et al ., 2014), which have undergone an intense and recent adaptive radiation (Montoya‐Burgos, 2003; Silva et al ., 2016). The present data indicates that intraspecific morphological variation sometimes could overlap even to the unrelated species.…”