Neonatal hearing screening of newborns of mothers with Diabetic Mellitus and/or hypertension in pregnancy: a systematic literature review

Abstract

Purpose: to investigate the results of the Neonatal Hearing Screening (NHS) in neonates whose mothers presented hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus in their pregnancy. Methods: a systematic review of the literature, without restriction of year and language, guided by the PRISMA protocol, that was carried out through a search in the MEDLINE (PUBMED), LILACS (BVS), SCOPUS, WEB OF SCIENCE and EMBASE databases, using neonatal screening AND hearing AND (hypertension OR diabetes mellitus) as descriptors. Studies that were duplicated or were unavailable were excluded. Results: 64 records were found, 5 being included for analysis. These articles had been published in the last 13 years, originated from different countries, and using a retrospective (cross-sectional, n=1, case-control, n=1) or prospective design (cross-sectional, n=1, case-control, n=1; cohort, n=1). The findings of the articles demonstrated differences regarding the presence of changes in the NHS outcomes of newborns whose mothers presented hypertension and/or diabetes during pregnancy. Conclusion: since the review showed contradictory results regarding changes in the NHS outcomes in the presence of mothers’ hypertension and/or diabetes during pregnancy, prospective cohort studies are needed, in different contexts, in order to isolate confounding factors for hearing loss and minimize measurement bias and selection.

Effect of Preeclampsia and Gestational diabetes mellitus on Neonatal Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions: A Tertiary Care Center Study

“…11 Also, the results of the current studies about neonatal hearing screening of newborns born to mothers with gestational diabetic mellitus and/or preeclampsia in pregnancy in the literature are contradictory because of the presence of several confounding factors since most of the studies done were either cross sectional or retrospective studies. 12 In this study the prevalence of bilateral refer DPOAE during the first test on day 2 among GDM, preeclampsia and control group was 15.81%, 19.52%, and 3.52% respectively which is high compared to other studies. 13 However the prevalence reduced drastically at the second DPOAE test among GDM, preeclampsia, control group that is, 4.5%, 3.33%, and 0.58% respectively.…”

“…11 Also, the results of the current studies about neonatal hearing screening of newborns born to mothers with gestational diabetic mellitus and/or preeclampsia in pregnancy in the literature are contradictory because of the presence of several confounding factors since most of the studies done were either cross sectional or retrospective studies. 12…”

The Relationship between Prenatal Risk Factors and The Incident of Sensorineural Deafness in Children at Polyclinic ENT- Head and Neck Zainoel Abidin Hospital Banda Aceh *,

“…The study of Vernier (2019) aimed to investigate the results of Neonatal Hearing Screening (NHS) of newborns whose mothers had diabetes mellitus during pregnancy. The findings of this study are evidence of sensorineural hearing loss in newborns whose mothers have diabetes in pregnancy as assessed from the pathophysiology of the disease [26]. Maia (2005) described atrophy of the spiral ganglion associated with loss of cochlear basal cells causing a decrease in the number of nerve fibers in the lamina spiralis.…”

Neonatal Hearing Screening: Prevalence of Unilateral and Bilateral Hearing Loss and Associated Risk Factors

“…Padmadasan and his colleagues reported the prevalence of deafness in neonates of mothers with diabetes mellitus was 7 times higher than the prevalence of this loss in neonates without any risk factor [ 24 ]. However, a systematic review reported contradictory results regarding neonatal hearing loss in the presence of gestational diabetes during pregnancy [ 25 ]. Because of the high energy utilization of the inner ear and due to microangiopathic processes that follow glucoprotein deposition caused by hyperglycemia, it is possible that gestational diabetes affects the auditory system [ 26 ].…”