Introduction: Newborn hearing screening is essential for early identification of hearing loss to decrease the adverse effects of hearing loss. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of hearing loss and risk factors of congenital hearing loss in newborns.Methods: In this analytical case-control study, a hearing screening test was performed for all newborns aged 3-14 days.Results: Of 5,500 newborns evaluated, 24 newborns had hearing loss. The prevalence of hearing loss was 4.36 per 1,000. Of 24 hearing-impaired newborns, 15 had bilateral hearing loss (BHL) (62.5%) and nine had unilateral hearing loss (UHL) (37.5%). Among the neonates with hearing loss, the prevalence of hearing loss was higher (77.8%) in the right ear. The main risk factors identified in this study were low gestational age (P=0.001), hospitalization in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) ( P=0.008), exposure to ototoxic drugs (P=0.001), gestational diabetes P=0.01), craniofacial anomalies (P=0.01), convulsion (P=0.03), consanguineous marriage of parents (P=0.001), low birth weight (P=0.01), and hyperbilirubinemia (P=0.001). Conclusion:The prevalence of hearing loss was higher in the right ear than in the left ear. NICU stay, use of ototoxic drugs, low gestational age (<35 weeks), gestational diabetes, craniofacial anomalies, convulsion, consanguineous marriage of parents, low birth weight, and hyperbilirubinemia were significant risk factors for congenital hearing loss in studied newborns.
Background In order to meet patients' social needs, including social prescribing in the curriculum of medical students is a necessity. Aim Becoming familiarized with the SDH perspective and referral method to link workers (LWs) and the principles of social prescribing (SP). Methods Using Levin's model, the intervention was performed in the field of health of medical students in 2018–2020 for 38 interns in Dezful University of Medical Sciences. Following holding meetings (Plan), a social case was selected and the social version (Act) was developed. Then the other students observed the prescription and identified the strengths and weaknesses (Reflect). Finally, the results were evaluated by Kirk Patrick model. Results At the reaction level, 63.14% agreed with the applicability of SP and 68.42% with its usefulness for prospective work; 97.36% believed that familiarity with the community context was essential and 78.93% considered SDH study and SP’s necessary. At the learning level, over 90% of the total score was obtained. The results of behavior level included interest, compassion and following up people's problems, the level of results, empowerment and improving unhealthy living conditions of individuals. Conclusion Promising positive results indicate that SP can be one of the ways of supporting primary health care.
Background and Objectives: Musculoskeletal pains refer to damages people with inappropriate body positions may suffer in their jobs and are one of the most common occupational diseases.With hospital personnel and those working in this environment like physicians, nurses, interns and nursing apprentices falling into active occupational groups, this study sought to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal pains in these occupations.Method: This descriptive-analytical cross sectional study was conducted in Dr. Ganjavian Hospital in Dezful in 2020 on 239 physicians, nurses, interns and nursing apprentices using a random sampling method. To assess musculoskeletal disorders in people, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) was used. The data normalization was examined using chi-squared test and contingency tables. The whole analyses were done by SPSS 16.Results: Musculoskeletal pains in people with higher job and study-related activities were more prevalent than other people in the study. There was also a significant relationship among gender, median age, the frequency of exercise and BMI with the prevalence of musculoskeletal pains. A significant relationship was found between different occupational groups (physicians, nurses, interns and nursing apprentices) and the presence of pain in wrists, hands and elbows, too.Conclusions: Our results showed that the presence of musculoskeletal disorders was relatively high in the lumbar regions (51.7%) and necks (49.6%) and in general musculoskeletal disorders are significantly higher among physicians and nurses, a reason of which can be related to a higher median age in these groups than in apprentices. Thus, it seems necessary to both improve working conditions for hospital staff and raise their awareness of the risks leading to musculoskeletal disorders.
Congenital hearing loss can have a long-term impact on children’s speech and communication abilities. Early detection and intervention of hearing loss are important in newborns. It is well known that there are several risk factors for hearing loss; however, the relationship between these risk factors and hearing screening tests remains uncertain in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the relationship between hearing loss risk factors and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR) and Transient-Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (TEOAEs) within the Iranian context. This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 9622 newborns (4643 females and 4979 males) in Iran. The data related to newborn hearing screening, including gender, the results of initial hearing screening, and hearing loss risk factors, were extracted from newborns’ record files. Data were analyzed using SPSS and a significant level was 0.05%. 190 (3.45%) newborns were referred to the screening. Fourteen newborns were diagnosed with hearing loss (prevalence of hearing loss = 1.45 per 1000) and 9 had one or more risk factors. There was a strong relationship between NICU admission, hyperbilirubinemia, family history of hearing loss, and consanguineous marriage with hearing screening test results (P < 0.05). Among risk factors investigated in this study, hyperbilirubinemia, family history of hearing loss, and intrauterine infections were not significantly correlated with TEOAEs results (P > 0.05). In contrast, they were significantly correlated with AABR results and the lowest OR was for prematurity and the highest for family history of hearing loss. Hyperbilirubinemia, family history of hearing loss, and intrauterine infections were the most significantly correlated risk factors with AABR and family history of hearing loss could be considered as a risk factor that most often leads to AABR failure results in Iran. So, Iranian clinicians, specifically, should ask parents to ask their relatives about any history of hearing loss or other health conditions that may affect their child's health. The findings also provide further evidence supporting the effectiveness of the newborn hearing screening protocols within the Iranian context, which recommend using AABR and TEOAEs tests for infants with risk factors for hearing loss.
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