A história desvelada no Juquery: assistência psiquiátrica intramuros na ditadura cívico-militar

Abstract

Objective: To unveil the unofficial history of psychiatric care at the time of the civic-military dictatorship. Methods: This is a descriptive, exploratory, investigative, qualitative study that uses content analysis. Interviews were conducted with former employees of the psychiatric hospital Hospicío do Juquery. Two interviews were registered, and the others recorded and transcribed. Results: Processes involving care were accompanied by the use of violence, encouraged by the dynamics of the institution. Like the policy at the time, the unveiled psychiatric care points to rigid, authoritarian rules, and to the annihilation of forms of subjectivity, a true process of reification of individuals. A strong relationship between the violence practiced and the therapy involving knowledge/scientific power was noted. Conclusion: The state should be responsible for having spread rampant repression through its ideological and repressive apparatus, such as the Hospício. Analyzing the real facts that were concealed by the official history promotes understanding in an attempt to avoid the repetition of the violent practices and the dehumanization presented there. ResumoObjetivo: Desvelar a história não oficial da assistência psiquiátrica na época da ditadura cívico-militar. Métodos: Estudo exploratório-descritivo-investigativo, qualitativo, por meio da análise de conteúdo. Foram realizadas entrevistas com ex-funcionários do Hospício do Juquery. Duas entrevistas foram registradas e as demais gravadas e transcritas. Resultados: Processos que envolviam o cuidar estavam acompanhados do uso da violência, incentivadas pela dinâmica da Instituição. Assim como a política vigente, a assistência psiquiátrica desvelada aponta para normas rígidas, autoritárias e da aniquilação das formas de subjetividade, verdadeiro processo de reificação dos indivíduos. Notou-se forte relação entre a violência praticada e a terapêutica que envolvia o saber/poder científico. Conclusão: O Estado deve ser responsabilizado por ter propagado repressão desenfreada por meio de seus aparelhos ideológicos e repressivos, como o Hospício. Analisar os fatos reais ocultados pela história oficial favorece a compreensão na tentativa de se evitar a repetição das práticas violentas e desumanização apresentadas.

Diagnosis and treatment of patients at Juquery hospital during the Vargas Era / Diagnósticos e tratamentos em pacientes no hospital do Juquery na Era Vargas

“…[6][7] The Juquery Hospital served both to sanitize society by imprisoning people who were not socially acceptable, and to transform human beings into simple objects for use and study. 8 Those considered incapable and threats to society were excluded: blacks, the poor, the disabled, criminals, alcoholics, among others. 9 The psychiatry of the time was associated with social morality and led to the internment of idle men and rebellious women, considered pathological and subject to treatment.…”