Qualidade de vida, conhecimento e atitude após programa educativo para Diabetes

Abstract

Objective: To assess the quality of life, knowledge about the disease and the attitude of individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus before and after participation in an educational program. Methods: Quasi-experimental study conducted with 110 patients seen at the clinic of a teaching hospital. In the Control Group subjects received routine care (n=74) and in the Experimental Group received routine care and participated in educational interventions (n=36). The WHOQOL-BREF and B-PAID were used to assess the quality of life; DKN-A to assess the knowledge and the ATT-19 to assess attitude. Results: There was improvement in quality of life after participation in the educational program, particularly in social relations domain; decrease the suffering of living with DM and knowledge acquisition were statistically significant. Attitude increase was discreet. Conclusion: The educational program for DM2 contributed to increase quality of life, with reduction of suffering; increased knowledge about disease, treatment and better coping the disease. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida, o conhecimento sobre a doença e a atitude de indivíduos com diabetes mellitus tipo 2 antes e após participação em programa educativo. Métodos: Estudo quase experimental, realizado com 110 indivíduos atendidos no ambulatório de um Hospital Universitário. No Grupo Controle, os indivíduos receberam o atendimento de rotina (n=74) e no Grupo Teste, além de receber o acompanhamento de rotina participaram das intervenções educativas (n=36). Foram utilizados o Whoqol-bref e o B-PAID para avaliar a qualidade de vida; DKN-A para avaliação do conhecimento e o ATT-19, a atitude. Resultados: Houve melhora da qualidade de vida após participação no programa educativo, particularmente, no domínio Relações sociais; diminuição do sofrimento em viver com DM e aquisição de conhecimento estatisticamente significante. Na atitude o aumento foi discreto. Conclusão: O programa educativo para DM2 contribuiu para o aumento da qualidade de vida, com diminuição do sofrimento; aumento do conhecimento sobre a doença, tratamento e melhor enfrentamento a doença.

Abordagens metodológicas utilizadas em intervenções educativas voltadas a indivíduos com diabetes mellitus

“…A modalidade de intervenção educativa em grupo é considerada a mais adequada para a prática dentro do sistema público de saúde 8 . Os grupos educativos abordam um grande número de indivíduos e têm o potencial de favorecer a ampliação das interações sociais, maior interatividade e dinamismo, baseado em problemas comunitários e possivelmente comum a todos, uma vez que todos os participantes possuem uma condição em comum, o DM 9 .…”

Controle metabólico e adesão medicamentosa em pessoas com diabetes mellitus

“…(3,19,20) After the first laboratory analysis, some blood samples were insufficient to reveal the values of each variable that composed MC, requiring a new sample. However, due to the refusal of some participants to collect the blood material for the second time, in those cases where the first collection was not sufficient, some missing data may be observed in the results.…”

“…A large proportion of these people (81%) live in developing countries, such as Brazil, where this disease affects more than 14.3 million people. (1)(2)(3) The incidence of cases of the most common subtype, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), has been increasing in Brazil, especially due to the increase in variables such as adiposity, sedentary lifestyle, and consumption of sugar and saturated fat. In addition, this situation exacerbates low fiber consumption, and the aging of the population.…”

“…In addition, this situation exacerbates low fiber consumption, and the aging of the population. (3) Currently, in order to minimize the impact of the imbalance due to the illness, researchers and clinicians have increasingly sought to focus their actions and establish care based on the control of metabolic biomarkers of people with this common chronic disease. (4)(5)(6) Thus, the use of the term, metabolic control (MC), was established, which means to achieve adequate levels of different markers.…”

“…Indirectly, it helps to chronicle pre-existing health problems which decrease productivity, due to irreversible and incalculable damages. (2,3) Due to the concomitance of chronic pathologies and the stage of discovery of the disease, pharmacological measures are practically unavoidable for good MC in people with T2DM. In such cases, oral antidiabetic (OAD), anti-lipemic and antihypertensive agents are usually used to maintain control of changes related to the disease, and to prevent the development of possible chronic complications (nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy).…”