Obesidade e hipertensão em adolescentes e adultos com deficiência intelectual

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the rate of obesity and hypertension in individuals with intellectual disability. Methods: This study was carried out with the adolescents and adults with intellectual disability in three centres, in Izmir, Turkey. The BMI of the adults were classified according to the Turkey Obesity Prevention and Control Program. The BMIs of the adolescents were evaluated according to the BMI percentile curves for Turkish children. For the evaluation of blood pressure levels of adults, the classification system determined by the Turkish Society of Cardiology was used. Blood pressure diagnosis in adolescents is different from that in adults. In terms of age and gender, systolic and diastolic blood pressures lower than the 90 th percentile are considered as normal. Results: The mean measurements for adults were as follows: height 166 ± 0.1 cm, weight 71.7 ± 1.86 kg, systolic blood pressure 120.8 ± 1.53 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure 74.8 ± 1.35 mmHg, and BMI 25.96 ± 5.98. The mean measurements for adolescents were as follows: BMI 23.02 ± 6.3 systolic blood pressure 117 ± 14.3 mmHg and diastolic pressure 70 ± 13.8 mmHg. 37.3% of adults were of normal weight and 28% were overweight. Analysis of BMI of the adolescents demonstrated that 46.1% were between the 5 th and 85 th percentiles, 26.3% appeared above the 95 th percentile and 18.4% were below the 5 th percentile. Of the subjects, 59.8% had an optimal systolic pressure and 77.5% had an optimal diastolic pressure of adults. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate that the rate of obesity and hypertension is high in adolescents and adults with intellectual disabilities and therefore, these individuals are at a serious risk of developing cardiovascular disease. ResumoObjetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar as taxas de obesidade e hipertensão arterial em indivíduos com deficiência intelectual. Métodos: Este estudo foi realizado com adolescentes e adultos com deficiência intelectual em três centros em Izmir, Turquia. O IMC dos adultos foi determinado de acordo com o Programa de Prevenção e Controle da obesidade da Turquia. O IMC dos adolescentes foi avaliado de acordo com as curvas de percentis de IMC para crianças turcas. Para a avaliação dos níveis de pressão arterial de adultos, foi utilizado o sistema de classificação determinado pela Sociedade Turca de Cardiologia. O diagnóstico da pressão sanguínea em adolescentes é diferente dos adultos. Em termos de idade e sexo, pressões arteriais sistólica e diastólica menores que o percentil 90 são considerados normais. Resultados: Os valores médios dos adultos foram: altura de 166 ± 0,1 cm, peso de 71,7 ± 1,86 kg, pressão arterial sistólica de 120,8 ± 1,53 mmHg, pressão arterial diastólica de 74,8 ± 1,35 mmHg e IMC de 25,96 ± 5,98. Os valores médios dos adolescentes foram: IMC de 23,02 ± 6,3, pressão arterial sistólica de 117 ± 14,3 mmHg e diastólica de 70 ± 13,8 mmHg. Dentre os adultos, 37,3% estavam com peso normal e 28% estavam acima do peso. A análise do IMC...

Evaluation of factors affecting body mass index of children with intellectual disability

“…In the literature, there are many studies in which BMI has been used to reveal the data on nutrition and physical activities of children with intellectual disabilities. In the view of the categorization of the BMI percentile values of the children aged 2-17 included in this study, the study results were not similar with any other study (Köse et al, 2021;Osaili et al, 2019;Pan et al, 2016;Pise et al, 2019;Polfuss et al, 2017;Sarı et al, 2016;Sayin and Ilik, 2017;Wang et al, 2018). In a meta-analysis study conducted in Turkey, the prevalence of obesity in typically developing children was found to be 7.3% (Alper et al, 2018); however, the prevalence of obesity in children with intellectual disability in our study was found to be 17% .…”

Cotidiano de cuidado de adolescentes com necessidades especiais de atenção à saúde

“…(29) A study conducted with adolescents with intellectual disabilities found high rates of obesity and hypertension, which is related to the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in the future. (30) As adolescents approach adulthood, they must assume greater responsibility for their health care. Adopting a proper diet may interfere with the ability to adhere to treatment and to control the disease, since they do not have fully developed emotional and cognitive maturity.…”