Phytochemical analysis and botanical origin of Apis mellifera bee pollen from the municipality of Canavieiras, Bahia State, Brazil

Abstract

An Apis mellifera bee pollen sample from Bahia state in Brazil was studied to evaluate its botanical origin and phytochemical composition. The bee pollen sample was collected in the municipality of Canavieiras, in an area with a very high predominance of Cocos nucifera L (Aracaceae), which was identified as the major taxon (99%), thus being the possible botanical origin of this pollen. The main constituents found in the non-polar extract analysed by GC-EI-MS were saturated fatty acids and long chain esters, together with phytosterols such as ergosta-5,24(28)-dien-3-ol, campesterol and sitosterol, detected in smaller quantities. Flavonoid glycosides, as well as hydroxycinnamic acid amide derivatives were detected in the polar extract analysed by HPLC-ESI-MS/MS. The presence of flavonoid glycosides, hydroxycinnamic acid amide derivatives, fatty acids and phytosterols have been reported in many bee pollen taxa. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of the chemical composition of bee pollen from C. nucifera , which is cultivated for its coconut fruit.

Antiviral Activity of Geopropolis Extract from Scaptotrigona Aff. Postica against Rubella Virus

“…The analysis was conducted on DADSPD-M10AVP Shimadzu system equipped with a photodiode array detector coupled to Amazon speed ETD, Bruker Daltonics, as previously described by Coelho et al (2015). The identification of constituents was established on the basis of their UV and mass spectral (MS) data, which were compared with MS data reported by Coelho et al (2015), Negri et al (2018), Mihajlovic et al (2015) and the chemical databases Phenol-Explorer (www.phenol-explorer.eu), Chem. Spider (http://www.chemspider.com), METLIN (http://metlin.scripps.edu) and HMDB (www.hmdb.ca).…”

“…The only difference observed was the presence of low contents of hydroxycinnamic acid amide derivatives in HMEG. The presence of hydroxycinnamic acid amide derivatives were reported in Apis mellifera pollen (Negri et al 2011(Negri et al , 2018. Table 1 summarises the MS data of compounds 1 -22 detected in HMEG, through reversed phase HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS.…”

“…Catechin-C-arabinoside (8) and catechin-C-rhamnoside (9) were identified based on mass spectral data reported in literature (Karar & Kuhnert, 2015). The identification of hydroxycinnamic acid amide derivatives were performed according to the method reported by Negri et al (2011Negri et al ( , 2018 and Mihajlovic et al (2015). As can be seen in Table 1, the MS/MS experiments in protonated hydroxycinnamic acid amide (HAA) derivatives produced abundant fragment ions attributed to the acyl neutral losses, as for example 176 Da for feruloyl, 162 Da for caffeoyl, and 146 Da for coumaroyl moieties, which was followed by neutral water loss (18 Da) (Negri et al, 2011).…”

“…As can be seen in Table 1, the MS/MS experiments in protonated hydroxycinnamic acid amide (HAA) derivatives produced abundant fragment ions attributed to the acyl neutral losses, as for example 176 Da for feruloyl, 162 Da for caffeoyl, and 146 Da for coumaroyl moieties, which was followed by neutral water loss (18 Da) (Negri et al, 2011). While the MS/MS experiments in deprotonated hydroxycinnamic acid amide derivatives produced abundant fragment ions, attributed to the loss of 120 Da for HAA containing coumaric acid moiety; the loss of 136 Da for HAA containing caffeic acid moiety; and the loss of 150 Da for HAA containing ferulic acid moiety (Mihajlovic et al, 2015, Negri et al, 2018.…”

“…(Coelho et al 2015). b Constituents identified based on MS spectral data reported by Negri et al (2011Negri et al ( , 2018, and Mihajlovic et al, (2015). c Constituents tentatively identified based on MS data.…”